Wireless intrabody communication sensor node realized using PSoC microcontroller

Grilec, Filip; Vasić, Željka Lučev; Ni, Wenshu; Gao, Yueming; Du, Min; Cifrek, Mario

doi:10.1109/mipro.2016.7522181

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They concluded that the best configuration, in terms of the lowest path loss, was composed of only signal electrode touching the skin (round copper plate with 2-cm of diameter) and a 10-cm × 5-cm ground circuit board at a distance of 1.5-cm from the signal electrode. Similar results were obtained by Ruiz et al [149] and Grilec et al [70]. However, according to [47], the signal quality is raised up by attaching both the signal and the ground electrodes to the human body, so the electric field and the received voltage can be enhanced.…”

Section: Electrodes and Body Couplingsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…A group from NTT Human Interface Laboratories was focused on connecting electronic devices in everyday life by a simple touch [15,55,57] and developed an indoor wireless-like networking and positioning system for connecting portable and wearable devices (home and office appliances) to the network while the user stands or walks on the floor [54,56,[58][59][60]. In biomedical applications field, IBC was employed in various general biomedical systems [66,67,70,71,85,86,95,96,190] or specifically for ECG [87,93,94], EMG [68,69], and human posture [83,84] monitoring, as well as for monitoring and controlling artificial hearts and other artificial organs in the body [77,78]. IBC systems developed for the characterization of IBC channel and human body as a signal transmission medium [19, 20, 33, 41, 61-65, 72-76, 79-82, 88, 89, 93, 94] are mostly built around DDS or FPGA circuits for signal generation at one or in the range of frequencies and for the detection of received signal power at the receiver end.…”

Section: Ibc Systems Developed Using Discrete Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Past Results, Present Trends, and Future Challenges in Intrabody Communication

Naranjo-Hernández

Callejón-Leblic

Vasić

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Intrabody communication (IBC) is a wireless communication technology using the human body to develop body area networks (BANs) for remote and ubiquitous monitoring. IBC uses living tissues as a transmission medium, achieving power-saving and miniaturized transceivers, making communications more robust against external interference and attacks on the privacy of transmitted data. Due to these advantages, IBC has been included as a third physical layer in the IEEE 802.15.6 standard for wireless body area networks (WBANs) designated as Human Body Communication (HBC). Further research is needed to compare both methods depending on the characteristics of IBC application. Challenges remain for an optimal deployment of IBC technology, such as the effect of long-term use in the human body, communication optimization through more realistic models, the influence of both anthropometric characteristics and the subject's movement on the transmission performance, standardization of communications, and development of small-size and energy-efficient prototypes with increased data rate. The purpose of this work is to provide an indepth overview of recent advances and future challenges in human body/intrabody communication for wireless communications and mobile computing.

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Section: Electrodes and Body Couplingsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Ibc Systems Developed Using Discrete Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past Results, Present Trends, and Future Challenges in Intrabody Communication

Naranjo-Hernández

Callejón-Leblic

Vasić

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Many galvanic coupling IBC transceivers are similar to that in [13]. In a previous study [14], a simple IBC transceiver was designed using two programmable system-on-chips (PSoC). In [15], a frequency selective digital transmission (FSDT) method was employed to design a set of transmitting and receiving devices for multichannel electric acupuncture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication Transceiver Using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology

et al. 2020

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Intra-body communication (IBC) uses the human body as the transmission medium for electrical signals, and it features the following advantages: low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, high data security, and broad application scenarios. However, some technical issues still need to be addresses, such as the choice of the best modulation and demodulation scheme in different application scenarios, influence of human activity on IBC performance, variable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and influence of transmission distance change on different modulation and demodulation methods. This paper adopts direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication and phase modulation to realize DSSS-differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and DPSK modulation transmission of baseband data. Moreover, the Costas loop method is employed to achieve reliable symbol recovery. Under the same conditions, in vivo experiments were conducted to compare the performance of DSSS-DPSK and DPSK galvanic coupling IBC transceivers. Notably, these transceivers are affected by the changes in SNR, transmission distance, and human activities. Results show that the bit error rate (BER) of the DPSK scheme is 40 times larger than the DSSS-DPSK scheme in a 30 cm channel length and different SNR experiments. When the BER performance changes from extremely poor (1.40 × 10 −1) to excellent (1.51 × 10 −6), the SNR of DSSS-DPSK scheme only needs to be improved by 16 dB. In contrast, when the BER performance changes from extremely poor (1.54×10 −1) to good (1.65 × 10 −5), the SNR of DPSK scheme needs to be improved by 25 dB. With a SNR of −5 dB, the BER ratios of the DPSK scheme is 7 times larger than the DSSS-DPSK scheme. Also, DSSS-DPSK scheme is more sensitive to changes in motion status than DPSK.

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