Wireless infrared communications

Kahn, Joseph M.; Barry, John R.

doi:10.1109/5.554222

Cited by 2,789 publications

(2,056 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The angles of irradiance in the LoS link and the first-reflection link are denoted as φ d and φ r , while correspondingly the angles of incidence in each link are denoted as ψ d and ψ r , respectively. The LoS optical channel's total DC attenuation h d [u, a] from a VLC transmitter TX to the receiver RX is given by [35], [36] However, the average received optical power from all links, which are reflected more than once, may be negligible according to [31].…”

Section: Vlc Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) denote the gain of the optical filter and of the optical concentrator employed, respectively, while g(ψ d ) can be written as [35] …”

Section: Vlc Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, various pulse position modulation (PPM) schemes have been introduced into VLC systems for achieving different design objectives [50]- [52], where the basic concept is to map the modulated signal into 2 M legitimate time-slots for M -ary PPM [53]. Another bandwidth-efficient baseband modulation technique is constituted by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) [35], which was also invoked and evaluated in VLC systems [26], [54]. However, the signals modulated by multiple intensity levels may suffer from nonlinear distortions due to the LEDs intensity-dependent luminous efficacy [13].…”

Section: Phy Techniques 1) Modulation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Visible-Light Optical Wireless Systems: Network-Centric Versus User-Centric Designs

Zhang

Hanzo

2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Abstract-In order to counteract the explosive escalation of wireless tele-traffic, the communication spectrum has been gradually expanded from the conventional radio frequency (RF) band to the optical wireless (OW) domain. By integrating the classic RF band relying on diverse radio techniques and optical bands, the next-generation heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are expected to offer a potential solution for supporting the ever-increasing wireless tele-traffic. Owing to its abundant unlicensed spectral resources, visible light communications (VLC) combined with advanced illumination constitute a competent candidate for complementing the existing RF networks. Although the advantages of VLC are multi-fold, some challenges arise when incorporating VLC into the classic RF HetNet environments, which may require new system architectures. The user-centric (UC) design principle for VLC environments constitutes a novel and competitive design paradigm for the super dense multi-tier cell combinations of HetNets. The UC concept may be expected to become one of the disruptive techniques to be used in the forthcoming fifthgeneration era. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of visible-light-aided OW systems with special emphasis on the design and optimization of VLC networks, where the radically new UC design philosophy is reviewed. Finally, design guidelines are provided for VLC systems.

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Section: Vlc Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) denote the gain of the optical filter and of the optical concentrator employed, respectively, while g(ψ d ) can be written as [35] …”

Section: Vlc Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phy Techniques 1) Modulation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Visible-Light Optical Wireless Systems: Network-Centric Versus User-Centric Designs

Zhang

Hanzo

2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Considering a Silicon PIN photodetector with negligible dark current [22], [35], the scalar η(t) is the sum of the ambient light shot noise and the thermal noise in the receiver. The noise term, η(t), can therefore be modelled as independent and identically distributed additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with variance σ 2 = N0 2 , where N 0 represents the one-sided noise power spectral density [20], [36], [37]. The (N t ×1)-dimensional vector of transmit signals, x j,m (t), is defined as:…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, synchronisation problems, including performance analysis, timing estimation, and correction, must be addressed in order to avoid performance degradation in practical networks. Errors in timing synchronisation in optical MIMO system can occur due to clock jitter in the transmitters, multipath propagation in optical wireless channel [20]- [22], and the differences in propagation delays due to the spatial separation of the transmit units (Light emitting diodes (LEDs)) and the receiver mobility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synchronization Error on Optical Spatial Modulation

Olanrewaju

Popoola

2017

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Abstract-This work examines the effect of synchronisation error on the performance of spatial modulation (SM) technique in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. SM exploits the deployment of multiple transmitters by encoding user information on their spatial domain. In most works related to SM, a perfect synchronisation among these multiple transmitters is assumed. However, synchronisation error can result from multipath propagation in OWC channel, and clock jitter and variation in propagation delay of each transmitter. Such error in synchronisation degrades system performance and hence the need to investigate its effect. Using union bound technique, and defining synchronisation errors as timing offsets in the received signals, we derive the symbol error rate for space shift keying (SSK), generalised SSK (GSSK), SM and generalised SM (GSM) schemes, and we validate our analysis with tightly-matched simulation results. Results show degradation in performance increases with synchronisation error. While SSK is tolerant for a small range of synchronisation error, GSSK, SM and GSM are significantly impaired. Our results also demonstrate the dependence of SM on channel gain values. We observe that the lower the channel gain of the transmitter in which synchronisation error occurs, the lesser the impact of the synchronisation error on the system performance.

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