Wire feeding based laser additive manufacturing TC17 titanium alloy

Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

“…However, the typical width of the molten pool formed in the EBF 3 -fabricated Ti-6Al-4V parts reaches 3.2 mm [6]. This is in a good agreement with our macroscopic simulations of the temperature distribution in the EBF 3 process. Moreover, the simulated depth of the molten pool exceeds 3 mm, i.e., 20 times more than the molten pool depth of EBM parts.…”

“…Electron beam free-form fabrication (EBF 3 ) is one of the various additive manufacturing techniques, which has been the subject of keen interest in recent years [1][2][3]. This process offers the potential for low-cost building of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy parts, in particular, which are widely used in aircraft, chemical, medical, and other industries due to their perfect strength to weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and fracture toughness.…”

“…This process offers the potential for low-cost building of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy parts, in particular, which are widely used in aircraft, chemical, medical, and other industries due to their perfect strength to weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and fracture toughness. The EBF 3 process can use commercially available titanium alloy wire of different size and grades, while the process is nearly 100% efficient in feedstock consumption. Moreover, the build rate of the EBF 3 process is extremely high (up to 2500 cm 3 /h) [2].…”

“…Moreover, the build rate of the EBF 3 process is extremely high (up to 2500 cm 3 /h) [2]. On the other hand, EBF 3 -fabricated Ti-6Al-4V parts show a much more coarse grain size feature in comparison to the fine grain size in the parts produced by selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) due to the re-melting and cyclic heat treatment of underlying layers during the building up of new layers. Although the cyclic heating is also true for SLM and EBM parts, the width and depth of the molten pool formed in Ti-6Al-4V parts during the SLM process at a 50 W laser power and 0.1 m/s scanning speed (i.e., typical SLM processing parameters) do not exceed 160 and 50 µm, correspondingly [4].…”

“…In turn, the width of the molten pool formed in Ti-6Al-4V parts during selective electron beam melting (electron beam power ranges from 160 to 640 W and the scanning speed is equal to 1.6 m/s) varies 2 of 16 from 100 to 500 µm while their depth varies from 100 to 180 µm [5]. However, the typical width of the molten pool formed in the EBF 3 -fabricated Ti-6Al-4V parts reaches 3.2 mm [6]. This is in a good agreement with our macroscopic simulations of the temperature distribution in the EBF 3 process.…”