Wintertime aerosol chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction in the metropolitan area of Paris

Crippa, Monica; DeCarlo, P. F.; Slowik, Jay G.; Mohr, Claudia; Heringa, M. F.; Chirico, R.; Poulain, Laurent; Freutel, F.; Sciare, Jean; Cozic, J.; Marco, C. F. Di; Elsässer, M.; José, N.; Marchand, Nicolas; Abidi, E.; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Drewnick, Frank; Schneider, Johannes; Borrmann, Stephan; Nemitz, Eiko; Zimmermann, Ralf; Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Baltensperger, Urs

doi:10.5194/acpd-12-22535-2012

Cited by 61 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…3 Mean diurnal profiles of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and black carbon (BC) both (a) outdoors and (b) indoors, over the 14-day sampling period. The estimated HOA from traffic sources (0.87 of BC, as in outdoor) is estimated in gray fate indicates that this component is not very volatile, which is consistent with the strong correlation to other LV-OOA factor mass spectra (Crippa et al, 2013). Overall, the total organic aerosol I/O ratio was less than unity, while the I/O of the HOA factor frequently exceeded unity likely due to indoor source(s).…”

Section: Indoor/outdoor (I/o) Ratiossupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The largest fraction of OA was typically the OOA factor (OOA outdoors: x = 2.6 lg/m 3 and indoors: x = 1.4 lg/m 3 ). The OOA mass spectrum correlates extremely well (R 2 = 0.97) with the 'low-volatility OOA' (LV-OOA) from Crippa et al (2013), where LV-OOA represents oxygenated organic aerosol that is aged (highly oxidized) and thus has a high oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O:C) and low volatility. This strong correlation suggests that OOA should have an I/O ratio similar to that of non-volatile sulfate.…”

Section: Aerosol Compositionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Real‐time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry

2016

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Outdoor aerosols are transported indoors, where their component concentrations depend on aerosol size, physiochemical properties, indoor sources and losses, and cross-environment gradients of temperature and relative humidity. We explored these dependencies by measuring real-time outdoor and indoor non-refractory, submicron (PM ) aerosol component mass concentrations in a mixed-use laboratory space with an Aerodyne mini-aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and black carbon (BC) with an aethalometer. The median indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios were 0.60 for sulfate, 0.25 for nitrate, 0.52 for ammonium, 0.73 for organics, and 0.61 for BC. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on organic aerosol data identified hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) factors. By assuming sulfate was nonvolatile, lost only by mechanical processes, and without indoor sources, the transformations of other components i due to partitioning changes or indoor sources were parameterized by normalizing their I/O ratios by sulfate's I/O ratio, that is, (I/O) . Component-specific behavior was quantified by regressions of (I/O) to outdoor-to-indoor temperature differences. Nitrate and HOA strongly and OOA weakly showed losses with increasing temperatures indoors vs. outdoors, and HOA likely had an indoor source. To our knowledge, this is the first reported deployment of an AMS to analyze real-time indoor aerosol composition and outdoor-to-indoor transformation.

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Section: Indoor/outdoor (I/o) Ratiossupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Aerosol Compositionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Real‐time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry

2016

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“…Also shown in Fig. 4a, b are f 44 , f 43 , and f 60 values from previous studies, including standard semivolatile (SV-OOA) and low-volatility oxidized OA (LV-OOA) (Ng et al, 2011a); factors from Pasadena, CA (Hersey et al, 2011); Paris, FRA (Crippa et al, 2013); Zurich, CHE (Lanz et al, 2007); Fresno, CA (Ge et al, 2012b); and lab studies (http://cires.colorado. edu/jimenez-group/AMSsd/).…”

Section: Temporal Variations Of Submicron Aerosol Mass Loading and Comentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-term measurements of submicrometer aerosol chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)

Parworth

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Mei

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

109

138

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h i g h l i g h t sRealtime measurements of non-refractory submicron aerosols were conducted at SGP. Diurnal, weekly, monthly, and seasonal variations of aerosol composition are reported. Two types of oxygenated organic aerosols and biomass burning OA were determined. Enhanced nitrate during winter was due to transport of NO x and NH 3 combined with cooler temperatures. a b s t r a c tIn this study the long-term trends of non-refractory submicrometer aerosol (NR-PM 1 ) composition and mass concentration measured by an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are discussed. NR-PM 1 data was recorded at~30 min intervals over a period of 19 months between November 2010 and June 2012. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was performed on the measured organic mass spectral matrix using a rolling window technique to derive factors associated with distinct sources, evolution processes, and physiochemical properties. The rolling window approach also allows us to capture the dynamic variations of the chemical properties in the organic aerosol (OA) factors over time. Three OA factors were obtained including two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors, differing in degrees of oxidation, and a biomass burning OA (BBOA) factor. Back trajectory analyses were performed to investigate possible sources of major NR-PM 1 species at the SGP site. Organics dominated NR-PM 1 mass concentration for the majority of the study with the exception of winter, when ammonium nitrate increases due to transport of precursor species from surrounding urban and agricultural areas and also due to cooler temperatures. Sulfate mass concentrations have little seasonal variation with mixed regional and local sources. In the spring BBOA emissions increase and are mainly associated with local fires. Isoprene and carbon monoxide emission rates were obtained by the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and the 2011 U.S. National Emissions Inventory to represent the spatial distribution of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The combined spatial distribution of isoprene emissions and air mass trajectories suggest that biogenic emissions from the southeast contribute to SOA formation at the SGP site during the summer.

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“…Briefly, five components were identified by PMF. These include hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), i.e., a surrogate for POA from fossil fuel combustion [Lanz et al, 2007;Aiken et al, 2008;Jimenez et al, 2009;Ulbrich et al, 2009], cookinginfluenced organic aerosol (CIOA) [Schauer et al, 2002a;Mohr et al, 2012;Crippa et al, 2013a], local organic aerosol (LOA) [Aiken et al, 2009;Docherty et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2011] and semivolatile and low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA and LV-OOA), i.e., as surrogates for fresh and aged SOA, respectively [Aiken et al, 2008;Jimenez et al, 2009;Ulbrich et al, 2009].…”

Section: Ams-pmf Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal cycle of fossil and nonfossil carbon using radiocarbon analyses during CalNex

et al. 2014

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Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis is a unique tool to distinguish fossil/nonfossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols. We present 14 C measurements of organic carbon (OC) and total carbon (TC) on highly time resolved filters (3-4 h, typically 12 h or longer have been reported) from 7 days collected during California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 in Pasadena. Average nonfossil contributions of 58% ± 15% and 51% ± 15% were found for OC and TC, respectively. Results indicate that nonfossil carbon is a major constituent of the background aerosol, evidenced by its nearly constant concentration (2-3 μgC m À3). Cooking is estimated to contribute at least 25% to nonfossil OC, underlining the importance of urban nonfossil OC sources. In contrast, fossil OC concentrations have prominent and consistent diurnal profiles, with significant afternoon enhancements (~3 μgC m À3 ), following the arrival of the western Los Angeles (LA) basin plume with the sea breeze. A corresponding increase in semivolatile oxygenated OC and organic vehicular emission markers and their photochemical reaction products occurs. This suggests that the increasing OC is mostly from fresh anthropogenic secondary OC (SOC) from mainly fossil precursors formed in the western LA basin plume. We note that in several European cities where the diesel passenger car fraction is higher, SOC is 20% less fossil, despite 2-3 times higher elemental carbon concentrations, suggesting that SOC formation from gasoline emissions most likely dominates over diesel in the LA basin. This would have significant implications for our understanding of the on-road vehicle contribution to ambient aerosols and merits further study.

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Wintertime aerosol chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction in the metropolitan area of Paris

Cited by 61 publications

References 86 publications

Real‐time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry

Real‐time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry

Long-term measurements of submicrometer aerosol chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)

Diurnal cycle of fossil and nonfossil carbon using radiocarbon analyses during CalNex

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