Wintering of an urban bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus) in recently occupied areas

Abstract

Urbanization is one of the main drivers of ecological change in the modern world. In most cases, species diversity in urban landscapes is lower than in natural ones; however, some groups of animals are able to exploit and benefit from urban habitat. Pipistrellus kuhlii s.l. is (P. k. lepidus according to recent taxonomic review), a common European urban bat, whose range has expanded on a wide scale in the last 40 years. Thought to originate in Central Asia, this species has extended its range throughout Eastern and Central and Europe (a distance of more than 2,500 km2) in part by using human settlements as a habitat. This study examines the ecological features of P. k. lepidus in wintertime in the Eastern part of Ukraine, where this species has been living for 20 years. Thirty-nine winter records of P. k. lepidus(1,301 individuals totally) were selected from the database of the Bat Rehabilitation Center of Feldman Ecopark, 19 of which were groups from 2 to 641 individuals. Pipistrellus k. lepidus was found in various types of structures, but most often in administrative buildings (school buildings - 69%). Records were usually obtained during renovation works (85%), and the roosting sites were cavities between the wooden planks of window frames and a wall (75%). The records were obtained in 26 settlements, from a village (0,293 kmand 252 people) to the biggest cities in the country (Kharkiv and Odessa). The sex ratio in winter aggregation in adults varied from 47% to 61% of females and for this-year individuals from 48% to 58%, respectively. The body mass at the end of the hibernation period (February/March) decreases for 17–20% compared to the beginning of the period (December). Adult females have bigger body size (body mass and forearm length) (p-value < 0.05). Our results showed that P. k. lepidus is capable of forming homogeneous, sedentary populations in all types of settlements in Ukraine for these twenty years. However, this choice of habitat means that the species faces a high mortality risk from humans during building renovation and insulation works or pest control actions.

Quantitative evaluation of individual food intake by insectivorous vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)

“…Bats were weighed before and after feeding, on an electronic scale (TANITA 1479V) (accurate to 0.1 g ). The records included: date, mass of food portion, body mass before and after feeding, sex, age category (adult or subadult; in this study the term ‘subadult’ is equal to previously used term ‘this-year-born’ ( Kravchenko et al, 2017 ; Hukov et al, 2020 ) and number of individual rings. On the day of feeding, bats were deprived of water and kept under conditions of limited physical activity after feeding (were not allowed to fly).…”

“…At the same time, small bats that predate on Diptera or small Lepidoptera may benefit from the situation. One of the reasons for fast distribution of P ipistrellus kuhlii ( Hukov et al, 2020 ) in cities can be the availability of small insects. To be able to predict such changes and threats, we need to estimate the mass of insects that different bat species need to consume to survive, and the method used for such estimation must be simple, applicable and ethically acceptable.…”

Bats of Central Ukraine: a Synopsis

“…Known hibernation roosts are in buildings (all localised ones were in cavities beside window frames). Wintering groups and colonies were recorded during repair works (Godlevska, 2015 b;Hukov et al, 2020). Th e maximum colony size in winter for Central Ukraine was 138 individuals (Hukov et al, 2020).…”

“…Wintering groups and colonies were recorded during repair works (Godlevska, 2015 b;Hukov et al, 2020). Th e maximum colony size in winter for Central Ukraine was 138 individuals (Hukov et al, 2020). (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) Th e species was recorded all over the study region (fi g. 17).…”

First study of the bat fossil record of the mid-Atlantic volcanic islands

“…Like the genus Plecotus, the species Pipistrellus kuhlii has a Palearctic distribution with a possible origin in Central Asia (Hukov et al 2020). In the mid-Atlantic islands this species can today be found in the Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and Tenerife; Fajardo & Benzal 2002) and in the archipelago of Cape Verde (São Vicente, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Fogo and Santiago; Vasconcelos 2018; Borloti et al 2020).…”