Winter wheat yields under different soil-climatic conditions in a long-term field trial

Abstract

The impact of precipitations and air temperatures on winter wheat yields was evaluated in a 34-year long-<br /> term field trial with mineral and organic fertilization established at two experimental sites with different soil-climatic conditions: Ivanovice na Hané with well fertile soils (degraded Chernozem), higher average year temperatures and lower precipitations; Lukavec situated in Bohemian-Moravian highlands with less fertile soils (Cambisol), lower temperatures and higher precipitations. At both sites, a significant positive effect of used fertilizers was noted from the dose of 80 kg N/ha; the best yields were generally obtained at 120 kg N/ha and 160 kg N/ha. The wheat yields at the Ivanovice site were negatively affected by the decrease of precipitations, namely in more fertilized treatments, particularly farmyard manure + mineral nitrogen, from the dose of 80 kg N/ha. A different trend was obtained at the Lukavec site where better winter wheat yields were obtained under lower precipitations. The air temperatures played a positive role at the Lukavec site, but no significant effect of temperature was observed at the Ivanovice site. The less productive areas in highlands can become more interesting for agriculture production with changing climate. However, the soils generally having lower quality and nutrient content can be a limiting factor for obtaining high yields.

Simulation of spatial variability in crop leaf area index and yield using agroecosystem modeling and geophysics‐based quantitative soil information

“…Here, nonstressed soil units produced 7.7 t ha −1 of dry grains, whereas the most stressed soil unit produced only 6.6 t ha −1 . These values are comparable with actual yields observed in other studies (Han & Yan, 2017;Káš, Mühlbachova, & Kusá, 2018;Liu, Ren, Gao, Yan, & Li, 2017) for winter wheat growing under no-and low-water-stress conditions.…”

The Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Wheat Root Depth and Length Density Distribution in a Long-Term Experiment

“…The better yields in 2014 (Table 4) were probably also the result of higher precipitation in comparison to the dry years of 2015 and 2016 ( Figure 2). It should be noted that the better N supply, due to fertilization or higher N min content, enhanced the yields more markedly at Lukavec than at Ivanovice andČáslav, which were the sites with higher natural productivity [7,10,24]. The N min (mostly in nitrate form) in the MIN treatment shifted downward during winter 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 and accumulated in the shallow 30-50 cm subsoil ofČáslav and Ivanovice ( Figure A1), but was probably leached into the layers below 50 cm at Lukavec.…”

“…We selected winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for the study. An eight-year crop rotation was carried out on four adjacent fields with four replications (blocks A-D): (1) Spring barley with clover, (2) clover, (3) winter wheat (the experimental year 2014), (4) maize for silage, (5) spring barley, (6) rapeseed, (7) winter wheat (the experimental years 2015 and 2016), and (8) potatoes. The LCRE was arranged in four blocks (A-D), each split into 12 experimental plots of 8 × 8 m. In each block, independent replicates of all 12 treatments were situated.…”

“…Lukavec's soil and climate conditions (Table A1) and the effect of the treatment on the root density and depth suggest a greater risk of unused nitrate N leaching under the root zone in comparison to deep soils, with their greater water capacity and better root growth [13]. Káš et al (2019) found higher wheat yields in those years that had higher precipitation at Lukavec in comparison to Ivanovice; this was found in the long-term International Organic Nitrogen Long-term Fertilization Experiment (IOSDV) [7], which suggested complex interactions between water supply effects and leaching, growth, and nutrient depletion or demand.…”

“…The second-longest long-term fertilization trial in the world (the Eternal Rye Experiment in Halle, Germany) was started in 1878 by Julius Kühn [5]. Many such experiments were established around the middle of the 20th century in connection with the intensification of crop production and the increasing importance of soil fertility for new high-yield genotypes [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The importance of data from LTEs has been increasingly 2 of 15 appreciated in light of the growing concerns about the sustainability of agro-ecosystems and soil quality, with increasing losses of nutrients, surface and groundwater pollution, and the transfer of heavy metals and pesticides to crops.…”