Winter Wheat Recropping on Dryland as Affected by Stubble Height and Nitrogen Fertilization

Black, A. L.; Siddoway, F. H.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100060035x

Cited by 41 publications

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“…Wilkins et al (1988) found that tall stubble reduced winter wheat yields, although not significantly, compared to the bare treatment. In another 1-year experiment, Black and Siddoway (1977) also found significant effects of stubble height on the yield of winter wheat. The highest yields occurred for the short (15 cm high) stubble treatment followed by the cultivated treatment, with the tall (about 38 cm high) stubble treatment yielding the lowest.…”

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confidence: 78%

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Cutforth¹,

McConkey²

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian Prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 359-366. In the semiarid region of the western Canadian prairies, seeding directly into standing cereal stubble is gaining popularity. This four year study was conducted at Swift Current, SK, to determine how seeding into tall (>30 cm high), short (about 15 cm high) and cultivated cereal stubble altered the microclimate thereby affecting the growth and yield of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments were deployed immediately before seeding on plots that had overwintered with tall stubble. Seeding wheat into tall stubble increased grain yield and water use efficiency by about 12% compared to wheat seeded into cultivated stubble. Yield and water use efficiency for wheat seeded into short stubble were intermediate to the other stubble treatments. As well, wheat seeded into tall stubble grew taller than wheat seeded into the cultivated stubble. Further, there was a tendency for spring wheat grown in tall stubble to produce more dry matter and more leaf area, to have a lower proportion of dry matter as leaves and a higher proportion as stems, and to have a lower harvest index than the other treatments.Growing season evapotranspiration (ET) was not affected by stubble height. When the seedlings were small, compared to cultivated stubble, tall stubble altered the microclimate near the soil surface by reducing the daily average windspeed, soil temperature, and incoming solar radiation, and increasing the reflected solar radiation. Throughout much of the growing season, potential ET at the soil surface, measured with minilysimeters, was significantly lower in the tall stubble. Tall stubble, compared to cultivated stubble, increased the proportion of ET that was transpired by the wheat. As well, reduced windspeeds and increased photosynthetic area may have increased the efficiency of net carbon assimilation. To increase grain yields, producers in the semiarid prairies who direct-seed spring wheat are advised to seed into stubble left standing as tall as practical (at least 30 cm). Dans la zone semi-aride des Prairies de l'Ouest canadien, le semis direct, sans pré-paration du sol, sur chaume de céréale gagne en popularité. L'objet de notre expérience de 4 ans, conduite à Swift Current (Saskatchewan) était de déterminer l'effet éventuel du semis sur chaume long (>30 cm de hauteur), sur chaume court (environ 15 cm) ou après déchaumage partiel, sur le microclimat et, partant, sur la croissance et sur le rendement du blé de printemps roux vitreux (Triticum aestivum L.). Les traitements culturaux étaient exécutés immédiatement avant le semis dans les parcelles laissées en chaume long depuis l'automne précédent. Le semis en chaume long accroissait le rendement grainier et l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau (EUE) d'environ 12 % par rapport au semis sur les parcelles déchaumées. Le semis en chaume court donnait des résultats intermédiaires entre l...

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confidence: 78%

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Cutforth¹,

McConkey²

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…However, relative to shorter stubble, taller stubble decreases seed-level soil temperature and mid-canopy photosynthetically-active radiation which would have a negative effect on crop yield (Wilkins et al, 1988). Depending on what was the greatest limitation to crop growth, yields for taller stubble would be higher or lower than yields for shorter stubbles (Black and Siddoway, 1977;Cutforth and McConkey, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of row-spacing and stubble height on soil water content and water use by canola and wheat in the dry prairie region of Canada

Schoenau

Cutforth

et al. 2015

Agricultural Water Management

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“…Nitrogen fertilizer represents a major input cost, and farmers are looking for more efficient practices to apply N. Broadcast application of ammonium nitrate in early spring is an effective way of applying N fertilizer (Black and Siddoway 1977;. Lafond et al (2001) found that earlyspring-broadcast ammonium nitrate provided higher grain yields and grain protein concentrations versus fall-applied urea in the Black Soil zone in Saskatchewan and Manitoba.…”

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Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta

Middleton¹,

Bremer²,

McKenzie³

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 125-131. The recommended method for N fertilization to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the Canadian prairies has been to broadcast ammonium nitrate (AN) during early spring. In the Chinook region of southern Alberta, considerable interest exists in alternative formulations (particularly urea), times of application and placements. To determine the effect of alternative N fertilizer practices on winter wheat in southern Alberta, two field experiments were conducted over 2 consecutive years (1998-1999 and 1999-2000) at three locations. In the first experiment, fall applications of urea or coated urea, seed-placed or banded, were compared to the standard practice of spring-broadcast AN. At five of six sites, there was no difference between fall-banded urea and coated urea in plant stand, grain yield or protein concentrations when compared to springbroadcast AN. In 1998-1999, fall-banded urea reduced grain yield by 13% at the site in the Brown soil. Seed-placed N was only safe for urea at 30 kg N ha -1 and for coated urea at rates up to 60 kg N ha -1 . In the second experiment, urea and coated urea were broadcast in spring for comparison with AN. Coated urea was ineffective in dry years due to poor N release. Urea was equally effective as AN in this study, possibly due to the cool, dry conditions at the time of application and the relatively low surface soil pH levels at these reduced tillage sites. Further research will be required to confirm the effectiveness of this practice for this region.

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Winter Wheat Recropping on Dryland as Affected by Stubble Height and Nitrogen Fertilization

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Effects of row-spacing and stubble height on soil water content and water use by canola and wheat in the dry prairie region of Canada

Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta

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