Winter territoriality of Mute Swans Cygnus olor

Abstract

I'herr \\as considerable variation in winter territoriality among Mute Swan pairs around Oxford, though most pairs maintained their territories for at least half the winter. Variation was associated with temperature and with territory quality pairs left their territories most commonly during the coldest months of the %,inter, and pairs on good territories, with abundant vegetation and accessible pasture. stayed longer on territory than those on poor territories with sparse vegetation and little pasture. -4s in other species, exclusive territorial defence was maintained at intermediate levels of resourcc availability. and flocks were able to settle on a few particularly good territories. Circumstantial evidence suggested that \\inter territories may be maintained not only to provide an adequate food supply for thc owners but also to ensure access to a brerding site by preventing other individuals from taking over the area.

Living with a Tabletop: Analysis and Observations of Long Term Office Use of a Multi-Touch Table

“…This result appears to support the hypothesis that the workspace partitioning described in the previous work ( [7], [10], [12]) is indeed due to the presence of additional group members, and refutes our suggestion that this might be equally attributable to fatigue.…”

“…When not in the office, he uses the same computer with its built-in keyboard and track-pad. As we have previously described, a number of researchers have reported results which suggest that, when working in groups on a tabletop, individuals tend to organize their work spaces such that their efforts are focused in an area immediately in front of them, perhaps even closer than arm's reach might require [7], [10], [12]. None of these researchers examined whether this pattern was repeated for individuals, allowing for possible confound with fatigue [14].…”

“…Scott and various co-authors have described issues in territoriality (summarised in [12]) which suggest that individuals working in groups will establish a personal working area directly in front of them. This is confirmed in by Ryall et al who examined the interaction of group and table size on performance of tasks around a tabletop, and found that group members tended to focus their interaction (touches) directly in front of them.…”

“…In [12], Scott reported observations of a group of individuals interacting around a traditional table, describing the portioning of the workplace for individual and group tasks. In [9], Rogers et al describe the observed use of finger talk, whereby users would gesture for both manipulation and conversation.…”

The role of season and social grouping on habitat use by Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) in a lowland river catchment

“…Swans were considered to be territorial if they were observed to exhibit territorial behaviours, as described in Birkhead & Perrins (1986), such as aggressive exclusion of other swans, nesting behaviour or the presence of cygnets. Such territorial behaviours are observed in all seasons in shallow river catchments due to the intense competition for territories (Scott 1984). Cygnets (≤ 6 months old) have greyish-brown plumage; juveniles (7-18 months old) possess pinkishgrey bill colouration and some greyish-brown feathers; adults (> 18 months old) possess all-white plumage and orange bill colouration (Birkhead & Perrins 1986).…”