Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder

Černý, K.; Strnadová, V.

doi:10.17221/11/2012-jfs

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, temperature strongly influences both the pathogen itself, and subsequent impacts of the disease (Schumacher et al ., ). Cold winter conditions, especially involving long periods of heavy frost, seem to significantly reduce the overwintering survival in P. × alni (Černý & Strnadová, ). Similarly, Redondo et al .…”

Section: Interactions With the Biotic And Abiotic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieback of riparian alder caused by thePhytophthora alnicomplex: projected consequences for stream ecosystems

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY1. Alder trees (Alnus spp.) are key nitrogen-fixing riparian species in the northern hemisphere. Inputs of nitrogen-rich leaf litter from alder into stream food webs can contribute significantly to nitrogen dynamics at local and landscape scales. Alder trees also provide habitats for terrestrial and aquatic organisms, and help stabilize river banks. 2. Recently, substantial declines in alder stands have occurred along streams in Europe, with damages observed in some parts of North America also. A major driver has been the invasive oomycete pathogen Phytophthora alni species complex, which can spread rapidly along stream networks. 3. This review synthesises information on the pathogen, processes of spread and infection, and its impacts on alder. We further address the potential ecosystem-level and management consequences of the decline of alder, and highlight research needs. 4. The alder dieback caused by P. alni is associated with reductions in shade and quality and quantity of leaf litter. A decline in the structural integrity of branches and roots further threatens bank stability. Stream banks dominated by other tree species or no trees at all will result in ecosystem-level changes both above and below the waterline. 5. The P. alni taxonomic complex includes different species with varying phenotypes. An improved understanding of their environmental tolerances, virulence and evolution, along with the processes regulating the spread and impacts of the pathogen, would assist in identification of the riparian and stream systems most vulnerable not only to invasion but also to the heaviest disease outbreaks and ecosystem-level impacts. 6. Within the P. alni complex, the highly pathogenic hybrid species P. x alni is favoured by mild winters and warm, but not excessively hot summer temperatures suggesting possible changes in distribution and level of impact under future global climate change.

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Section: Interactions With the Biotic And Abiotic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieback of riparian alder caused by thePhytophthora alnicomplex: projected consequences for stream ecosystems

et al. 2016

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“…xalni is a pathogen with optimal growth temperatures above 22 °C [35,74], one of these factors may be the winter temperature in soil, water and bark. In this regard, a study conducted by Černý and Strnadová [75] in the Czech Republic, the country considered in this study with the highest incidence of LOH events, showed that the winter survival of P. xalni in necrotic bark tissue of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) is very limited. Soil properties, in particular pH [74,76], might also be potential sources of stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Invasive Hybrid Plant Pathogen Phytophthora × alni and Its Parental Species P. uniformis

et al. 2020

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In pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, interspecific hybridization may lead to the formation of new species having a greater impact on natural ecosystems than the parental species. From the early 1990s, a severe alder (Alnus spp.) decline due to an unknown Phytophthora species was observed in several European countries. Genetic analyses revealed that the disease was caused by the triploid hybrid P. x alni, which originated in Europe from the hybridization of P. uniformis and P. x multiformis. Here, we investigated the population structure of P. x alni (158 isolates) and P. uniformis (85 isolates) in several European countries using microsatellite markers. Our analyses confirmed the genetic structure previously observed in other European populations, with P. uniformis populations consisting of at most two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) and P. x alni populations dominated by MLG Pxa-1. The genetic structure of P. x alni populations in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Sweden seemed to reflect the physical isolation of river systems. Most rare P. x alni MLGs showed a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or a few microsatellite loci compared with other MLGs. This LOH may allow a stabilization within the P. x alni genome or a rapid adaptation to stress situations. Alternatively, alleles may be lost because of random genetic drift in small, isolated populations, with no effect on fitness of P. x alni. Additional studies would be necessary to confirm these patterns of population diversification and to better understand the factors driving it.

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The ADnet Bayesian belief network for alder decline: Integrating empirical data and expert knowledge

Gomes Marques,

Vieites-Blanco,

Rodríguez-González

et al. 2024

Science of The Total Environment

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Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Dieback of riparian alder caused by thePhytophthora alnicomplex: projected consequences for stream ecosystems

Dieback of riparian alder caused by thePhytophthora alnicomplex: projected consequences for stream ecosystems

Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Invasive Hybrid Plant Pathogen Phytophthora × alni and Its Parental Species P. uniformis

The ADnet Bayesian belief network for alder decline: Integrating empirical data and expert knowledge

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