Winter soil respiration in a humid temperate forest: The roles of moisture, temperature, and snowpack

Contosta, Alexandra R.; Burakowski, Elizabeth A.; Varner, R. K.; Frey, Serita D.

doi:10.1002/2016jg003450

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Forest canopies composed of mixed tree species are apparently more vulnerable to snow damage than forest canopies composed of one tree species (Diaz-Yanez et al 2017). In addition, the snowpack in winter can also change soil carbon emission by affecting soil temperature and moisture (Contosta et al 2016). Consistent with the latter result, a meta-analysis revealed that an increase in snowpack depth can increase soil respiration and microbial biomass by increasing soil temperature and water content (Li et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Plant–rodent interactions after a heavy snowfall decrease plant regeneration and soil carbon emission in an old-growth forest

Zhou

Xia

et al. 2021

For. Ecosyst.

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Background Climate extremes are likely to become more common in the future and are expected to change ecosystem processes and functions. As important consumers of seeds in forests, rodents are likely to affect forest regeneration following an extreme weather event. In April 2015, we began a field experiment after an extreme snowfall event in January 2015 in a primary forest that was > 300 years old. The heavy snow broke many tree limbs, which presumably reduced the numbers of seeds produced. Two treatments (rodent exclusion and rodent access) were established in the forest, in which rodent exclusion were achieved by placing stainlessness nets around the plot borders. Plant abundance, plant species richness, soil properties, soil microbial community composition, basal and substrate-induced respiration were determined in December 2017. Results Plant abundance and species richness significantly increased, but soil microbial biomass decreased with rodent exclusion. Urease activity and soil basal respiration also significantly decreased with rodent exclusion. Most other soil properties, however, were unaffected by rodent exclusion. The relative effects of multiple predictors of basal respiration were mainly explained by the composition of the soil microbial community. Conclusions After a heavy snowfall in an old-growth forest, exclusion of rodents increased plant regeneration and reduced microbial biomass and soil basal respiration. The main factor associated with the reduction in soil basal respiration was the change in the composition of the soil microbial community. These findings suggest that after a heavy snowfall, rodents may interfere with forest regeneration by directly reducing plant diversity and abundance but may enhance carbon retention by indirectly altering the soil microbial community.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Plant–rodent interactions after a heavy snowfall decrease plant regeneration and soil carbon emission in an old-growth forest

Zhou

Xia

et al. 2021

For. Ecosyst.

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“…Previous studies indicated that there is still a lot of nongrowing season Rs under snowpack and can globally contribute 5% to 60% of the total annual carbon dioxide flux from soils during nongrowing season [15,16]. However, in many temperate ecosystems, climate changes have been and will continue to be more pronounced during the nongrowing season than during the growing season [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Legacy Effects of Growing Season Nitrogen Addition and Reduced Precipitation alter Soil Respiration during Nongrowing Season

Yan

Xing

Wang

et al. 2020

Forests

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The short legacy effects of growing season nitrogen (N) addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are still unclear. Therefore, a field manipulative experiment to determine the responses of nongrowing season Rs and its components to growing season N addition and reduced precipitation was conducted in a temperate forest. The results show that growing season N addition and reduced precipitation significantly increased nongrowing season Rs by regulating the response of Ra and Rh. The combination of N addition and reduced precipitation also showed a much stronger effect on Rs and its components, but the magnitude and direction largely depended on the snowpack thickness. The effects of growing season N addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season Rs and its components were mediated by different sampling periods. N addition significantly decreased Rs by decreasing Rh in early winter and significantly increased Rs by increasing Ra in deep winter and late winter. All treatments decreased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs and Rh. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how nongrowing season Rs and its components will change under growing season N addition and reduced precipitation and could improve predictions of the future states of the soil C cycle in response to climate change.

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“…Using the CO 2 concentrations at each depth, we calculated CO 2 production within each depth using the following series of equations based on Fick's Law (Tang et al 2003;Moyes and Bowling 2013;Contosta et al 2016;Hicks Pries et al 2017) (Eq. 1).…”

Section: Soil Co 2 Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minerals limit the deep soil respiration response to warming in a tropical Andisol

McGrath

Pries²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

Biogeochemistry

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Tropical regions hold one third of the world’s soil organic carbon, but few experiments have warmed tropical soils in situ. The vulnerability of these soils to climate change-induced losses is uncertain with many hypothesizing these soils would be less sensitive to climate change because already-high temperatures in tropical systems might limit microbial sensitivity or due to increased mineral protection of organic carbon in highly weathered tropical soils. Here we present the results of a deep soil (0–100 cm) warming experiment in a tropical Andisol. Andisols can store large, persistent pools of soil carbon that are protected from decomposition by poorly and non-crystalline minerals (PNCM). In 20 cm depth intervals, we measured key soil properties including carbon, nitrogen, pH, PNCM, bacterial and fungal richness along with temperature, moisture, and CO2 production. Over a year of soil warming, CO2 production significantly increased by 50–300% per degree of warming, but only in the top 40 cm of the soil profile in contrast to the results of other deep soil warming experiments. Multimodal analysis supported our hypothesis that high concentrations of PNCM was the primary driver of the lack of CO2 response, followed by high relative soil moisture and low bacterial richness, which may be a proxy for organic carbon availability. The lack of elevated CO2 production in response to warming suggests a limited positive feedback to climate change in Andisols driven by their strong mineral protection of organic matter. Therefore, Andisols should be considered high priority restoration or protection areas when considering the management of soil carbon stocks as part of climate action.

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Winter soil respiration in a humid temperate forest: The roles of moisture, temperature, and snowpack

Cited by 15 publications

References 75 publications

Plant–rodent interactions after a heavy snowfall decrease plant regeneration and soil carbon emission in an old-growth forest

Plant–rodent interactions after a heavy snowfall decrease plant regeneration and soil carbon emission in an old-growth forest

Short Legacy Effects of Growing Season Nitrogen Addition and Reduced Precipitation alter Soil Respiration during Nongrowing Season

Minerals limit the deep soil respiration response to warming in a tropical Andisol

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