Winter Root Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)<sup>1</sup>

Hanson, A. A.; Juska, F. V.

doi:10.2134/agronj1961.00021962005300060005x

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…To sustain a dark‐green turf and vigor, turfgrass specialists throughout the cool‐humid region have routinely recommend N at 98 to 196 kg/ha/year split into multiple fall applications (7,26,29). The agronomic and physiological benefits of fall‐applied N fertilizers to cool‐season turfgrasses are well documented (11,16,17,19,25,31,32,33,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Bigelow

Walker

Hardebeck

2007

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) lawns generally require N fertilizer at 98 to 196 kg/ha/year to maximize appearance and growth. Most homeowners do not regularly fertilize, resulting in weed‐ and disease‐prone lawns due to insufficient N. This two‐year field study evaluated three urea‐based N sources: urea, sulfur‐coated urea (SCU), and polymer‐coated urea (PCU) at N rates of 0, 49, or 147 kg/ha/year applied in early September only or 49 kg/ha/month from September through November. Mean turfgrass quality, canopy greenness, and total dry matter yield all increased with annual N rate. All fertilizer treatments, except the September‐only SCU treatment at 49 kg of N per ha, produced more dry matter yield than the unfertilized control. The highest mean quality and greenest turf resulted from three consecutive applications of urea at the N rate of 49 kg/ha/month and single September‐only PCU or SCU applications at the 147‐kg/ha/year N rate. There was no advantage to monthly urea, PCU, or SCU applications when compared to September‐only SCU or PCU applications of N at 147 kg/ha. These results demonstrate that homeowners can produce a high quality bluegrass turf with less effort by applying SCU or PCU in September only at N rates of 147 kg/ha.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Bigelow

Walker

Hardebeck

2007

Applied Turfgrass Science

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“…It is generally believed that KBG requires more N to sustain quality than PRG or TTTF (Christians, 2004). Since KBG is the most widely planted lawn species, the majority of research has been conducted using this species (Hanson and Juska, 1961;Hummel and Waddington, 1981;Starr and DeRoo, 1981;Jiang and Hull, 1998;Heckman et al, 2000) or KBG species mixtures (Kopp and Guillard, 2002). Much less information exists for PRG (Watson, 1987;Liu et al, 1993;Miltner et al, 2001;Engelsjord et al, 2004), or TTTF (Liu et al, 1993;Hall et al, 2003;Bigelow et al, 2005;Liu and Hull, 2006), which comprises a large portion of the lawns planted in the last decade.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aboveground Responses of Cool-Season Lawn Species to Nitrogen Rates and Application Timings

et al. 2007

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Lawns are the largest managed turf acreage in the USA. This large acreage of fertilized turf has generated public concern regarding nitrogen (N) fertilizer misuse. This 2‐yr field study evaluated the effects of eight N programs that varied by N amount, 0 to 196 kg N ha−1 yr−1, and seasonal application timing on the aboveground plant responses of three cool‐season lawn species: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG), and turf‐type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; TTTF). Significant cumulative species dry matter yield differences were measured for the study, with 9426, 7750, and 7011 kg ha−1 for TTTF, KBG, and PRG, respectively. Kentucky bluegrass generally possessed the greenest canopy when averaged across all N programs, followed by TTTF and PRG. Annual turfgrass quality (TQ) was highest and most seasonally consistent for TTTF, followed by KBG and PRG. Although, KBG overall TQ was lower than TTTF, primarily due to slow spring green‐up, KBG was superior to TTTF on many ratings during active growth. Perennial ryegrass produced the lowest TQ compared with TTTF and KBG. This was due to summer disease in both years and substantial turf cover losses, 24 to 81% in 2005. If the goal in lawn management is to maximize turfgrass response with the fewest N inputs, the species that met this goal was TTTF, which provided acceptable TQ and color, and had less disease at relatively low, 73 to 123 kg ha−1 yr−1, N levels.

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“…In LRZT, a great portion of assimilated nitrogen has been found to be used for carbohydrate accumulation and root and rhizome development instead of being partitioned into shoot growth as has been shown to occur when temperatures are optimal for shoot growth (Bowman ). Root growth response to low temperature in nitrogen fertilizer has been found to be greater in mass in the fall and spring (Hanson and Juska , Moore et al ) when root‐zone temperatures are relatively low. However, the allocation of carbon to both the shoots and the roots of the pepper cultivars followed similar patterns in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bell pepper cultivar tolerant to chilling enhanced nitrogen allocation and stress‐related metabolite accumulation in the roots in response to low root‐zone temperature

Aidoo

Sherman²,

Lazarovitch

et al. 2017

Physiologia Plantarum

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Two bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars, differing in their response to chilling, were exposed to three levels of root-zone temperatures. Gas exchange, shoot and root phenology, and the pattern of change of the central metabolites and secondary metabolites caffeate and benzoate in the leaves and roots were profiled. Low root-zone temperature significantly inhibited gaseous exchange, with a greater effect on the sensitive commercial pepper hybrid (Canon) than on the new hybrid bred to enhance abiotic stress tolerance (S103). The latter was less affected by the treatment with respect to plant height, shoot dry mass, root maximum length, root projected area, number of root tips and root dry mass. More carbon was allocated to the leaves of S103 than nitrogen at 17°C, while in the roots at 17°C, more nitrogen was allocated and the ratio between C/N decreased. Metabolite profiling showed greater increase in the root than in the leaves. Leaf response between the two cultivars differed significantly. The roots accumulated stress-related metabolites including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline, galactinol and raffinose and at chilling (7°C) resulted in an increase of sugars in both cultivars. Our results suggest that the enhanced tolerance of S103 to root cold stress, reflected in the relative maintenance of shoot and root growth, is likely linked to a more effective regulation of photosynthesis facilitated by the induction of stress-related metabolism.

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Winter Root Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)¹

Abstract: Synopsis Root weight increased significantly during periods of low temperature. The pattern of root development was modified by nitrogen applications.

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Aboveground Responses of Cool-Season Lawn Species to Nitrogen Rates and Application Timings

A bell pepper cultivar tolerant to chilling enhanced nitrogen allocation and stress‐related metabolite accumulation in the roots in response to low root‐zone temperature

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Winter Root Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)1

Abstract: Synopsis Root weight increased significantly during periods of low temperature. The pattern of root development was modified by nitrogen applications.

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Aboveground Responses of Cool-Season Lawn Species to Nitrogen Rates and Application Timings

A bell pepper cultivar tolerant to chilling enhanced nitrogen allocation and stress‐related metabolite accumulation in the roots in response to low root‐zone temperature

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Winter Root Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)¹