Winter Records of Bats in Oregon and Washington

Perkins, Julie; Barss, John M.; Peterson, Joshua R.

doi:10.2307/3536594

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Available observations west of the Great Plains indicate that little brown myotis over‐winter in small groups (singly to dozens of individuals; Perkins et al . ; Nagorsen et al . ; Hendricks ), suggesting that the large swarms at hibernacula that facilitate high rates of gene flow in eastern North America may be far smaller or altogether absent in the West, resulting in lower connectivity and greater structure among populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population genetic structure of a common host predicts the spread of white‐nose syndrome, an emerging infectious disease in bats

2015

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Landscape complexity influences patterns of animal dispersal, which in turn may affect both gene flow and the spread of pathogens. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an introduced fungal disease that has spread rapidly throughout eastern North America, causing massive mortality in bat populations. We tested for a relationship between the population genetic structure of the most common host, the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), and the geographic spread of WNS to date by evaluating logistic regression models of WNS risk among hibernating colonies in eastern North America. We hypothesized that risk of WNS to susceptible host colonies should increase with both geographic proximity and genetic similarity, reflecting historical connectivity, to infected colonies. Consistent with this hypothesis, inclusion of genetic distance between infected and susceptible colonies significantly improved models of disease spread, capturing heterogeneity in the spatial expansion of WNS despite low levels of genetic differentiation among eastern populations. Expanding our genetic analysis to the continental range of little brown myotis reveals strongly contrasting patterns of population structure between eastern and western North America. Genetic structure increases markedly moving westward into the northern Great Plains, beyond the current distribution of WNS. In western North America, genetic differentiation of geographically proximate populations often exceeds levels observed across the entire eastern region, suggesting infrequent and/or locally restricted dispersal, and thus relatively limited opportunities for pathogen introduction in western North America. Taken together, our analyses suggest a possibly slower future rate of spread of the WNS pathogen, at least as mediated by little brown myotis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter surveys show that the total numbers of individuals of all species in hibernating colonies are far smaller in western North America (Perkins et al . ; Nagorsen et al . ; Hendricks ; Weller et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure of a common host predicts the spread of white‐nose syndrome, an emerging infectious disease in bats

2015

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“…Colonies of tens to thousands of bats are routinely found throughout the year in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah (Benson 1947; Jewett 1955; Krutzsch 1955; Ruffner et al . 1979; Perkins et al . 1990), while colonies throughout Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico undergo seasonal migrations (Villa‐R.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and migration in the Mexican free‐tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana)

2005

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Incomplete lineage sorting can genetically link populations long after they have diverged, and will exert a more powerful influence on larger populations. The effects of this stochastic process can easily be confounded with those of gene flow, potentially leading to inaccurate estimates of dispersal capabilities or erroneous designation of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). We have used phylogenetic, population genetic, and coalescent methods to examine genetic structuring in large populations of a widely dispersing bat species and to test hypotheses concerning the influences of coalescent stochasticity vs. gene flow. The Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, exhibits variation in both migratory tendency and route over its range. Observations of the species' migratory behaviour have led to the description of behaviourally and geographically defined migratory groups, with the prediction that these groups compose structured gene pools. Here, we used mtDNA sequence analyses coupled with existing information from allozyme, banding, and natural history studies to evaluate hypotheses regarding the relationship between migration and genetic structure. Analyses of molecular variance revealed no significant genetic structuring of behaviourally distinct migratory groups. Demographic analyses were consistent with population growth, although the timing of population expansion events differs between migratory and nonmigratory populations. Hypotheses concerning the role of gene flow vs. incomplete lineage sorting on these data are explored using coalescent simulations. Our study demonstrates the importance of accounting for coalescent stochasticity in formulating phylogeographical hypotheses, and indicates that analyses that do not take such processes into account can lead to false conclusions regarding a species' phylogeographical history.

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“…Other published observations on Montana bats (Hoffmann et al 1969, Jones, et al 1973, Swenson and Bent 1977 provide no additional records of hibernating individuals. Additional winter records from the Pacific Northwest of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alberta are available for all species identified in the Little Rockies area (Schowalter 1980, Genter 1986, Perkins et al 1990, Nagorsen and Brigham 1993, indicating the possibility of a diverse winter assemblage of species in and near Azure Cave. Hibernating species collected in Azure Cave, and tentatively identified, include Myotis lucifugus, M. volans, and Corynorhinus townsendii (Chester et al 1979, Butts 1993.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat surveys of Azure Cave and the Little Rocky Mountains: 1996 : a progress report to USDI, Bureau of Land Management

Genter¹,

Hendricks²

1997

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Surveys of bat activity at Azure Cave and the surrounding country of the Little Rocky Mountains, Phillips County, Montana were conducted during three visits in 1996: 3-5 June, 7-10 July, 22-24 October. Bats were detected and identified with use of ANABAT ultrasound detectors and mists nets. A count of bats in Azure Cave was undertaken during the first visit; during the last two visits only surface surveys were conducted. Other sites surveyed included stock ponds, forested ravines, a mine adit and a rock-shelter cave. A total of 14 sites in the Little Rocky Mountains was surveyed for bat activity during the 1996 inventory. Nine species of bats were recorded during 1996: California Myotis (Myotis californicus), Small-footed Myotis (M. ciliolabrum), Long-eared Myotis (M. evotis), Little Brown Myotis (M. lucifugus), Long-legged Myotis (M. volans), Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus), Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus [=Plecotus] townsendii). All but the Silver-haired Bat were captured at least once in mist nets. The estimated minimum bat population in Azure Cave on 4 June 1996 was 474; all bats noted during the count were Myotis of undetermined species. The species composition and population estimate were similar to results from previous surveys made in 1978. Distribution within the cave was also similar to previous findings, with >90% of the hibernating bats using the Lunchroom. Netting at the mouth of Azure Cave during each visit revealed that several species may use the cave for feeding and roosting during summer and fall. Species netted at Azure Cave were California Myotis, Small-footed Myotis, Little Brown Myotis, Long-legged Myotis, Big Brown Bat, and Townsend's Big-eared Bat. Most activity at the mouth of Azure Cave in October was by the Big Brown Bat, which has not been noted using the cave as a hibernaculum. Ponds appear to be important sources of water and food for bats in the Little Rocky Mountains. Five species (12 individuals) were netted during 10 net-hours at "Pond #1," nearest Azure Cave, on 9 July. Activity appeared to peak at ponds during the first few hours after sunset, with a lesser peak in early morning. Bat activity at sites away from water showed a peak only during the first few hours after sunset, except at a mine adit, which may have been used as a day roost. Nonetheless, bat activity at water sources was several-fold greater than at sites away from water (except Azure Cave and the mine adit) during equivalent time periods, further showing the ability of water sources in the Little Rocky Mountains area to concentrate bat activity following evening emergence. Mitigation of detrimental impacts on bats in the Azure Cave area should include protection of current water sources or the establishment of new sources to replace those lost. The probability of protecting Azure Cave as a hibernaculum can be increased by maintaining the entrance gate, limiting human access during winter (October-early June), and close monitori...

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Winter Records of Bats in Oregon and Washington

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Population genetic structure of a common host predicts the spread of white‐nose syndrome, an emerging infectious disease in bats

Population genetic structure of a common host predicts the spread of white‐nose syndrome, an emerging infectious disease in bats

Genetic variation and migration in the Mexican free‐tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana)

Bat surveys of Azure Cave and the Little Rocky Mountains: 1996 : a progress report to USDI, Bureau of Land Management

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