Winter locomotor activity patterns of European hares (Lepus europaeus)

Zaccaroni, Marco; Biliotti, Niccolò; Buccianti, Antonella; Calieri, S.; Ferretti, Marco; Genghini, Marco; Riga, Francesco; Trocchi, V.; Dessì‐Fulgheri, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2013.07.001

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Males are active throughout the night, and females have a decline at midnight (Zaccaroni et al, 2013). In our case, the hare clearly preferred the morning activity in spring, which, seem to be due to the molting and birth of the young.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Over the years, the only one was direct visual observation (Stelmock & Dean, 1986;Koprowski & Corse, 2005). The radio-collar method has become popular since 1980s, as well as GPS telemetry later (Roth & Huber, 1986;Pépin & Cargnelutti, 1994;Munro et al, 2006;Kolbe & Squires, 2007;Yamazaki et al, 2008;Zaccaroni et al, 2013). For forest-covered and impassable territories of many Russian nature reserves, the most optimal solution is the use of camera traps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Ogurtsov¹,

Zheltukhin²,

Kotlov³

2018

Nat. Cons. Res.

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Here are presented the results of the analysis of daily activity patterns obtained from the data of camera traps for five large mammals (elk Alces alces, wild boar Sus scrofa, brown bear Ursus arctos, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx) and three medium ones (European badger Meles meles, raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, mountain hare Lepus timidus) for the territory of the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia. Data were collected in the period 2010-2017 and the trap effort was 30 158 camera days from 21 locations. Most of the mammals surveyed showed activity at night and twilight hours (71% of the pictures). The hare was most active among all and dominant at night. In many respects it is similar to the activity of a raccoon dog, which type can be defined as nocturnal too. Unlike a hare, a raccoon dog has a weak peak in the daytime and less activity in the night. Badgers movements are confined to the twilight and nighttime. The share of nocturnal activity of large ungulates such as elk and wild boar was approximately the same and amounted to about 45% of all registrations. The wild boar is slightly more active during the day and in the evening and is not active at all in the morning. The elk is active in the morning, and in the daytime and to a lesser extent in the evening. The lynx and the bear have similar cathemeral activity patterns: almost half of all their meetings occurred at daylight hours and only slightly -less than 40% -at night. The brown bear had the maximum number of registrations in the daytime among all the studied species. Despite the fact that the main object of lynx feeding in the reserve is the hare, there was no high degree of overlap between them ( = 0.75). In the group of large carnivores, the wolf was noticeably distinguished, more than half of its registrations were at night, and a third -on daytime. Daily activities of the wolf and its main prey elk showed a large overlap ( = 0.89). The seasonal variations of daily activity of all species were also shown. According to the results of factor analysis, each of the studied species was divided into one of three separate groups. The first group included species with a tendency to nocturnal activity (wolf, elk, hare, badger, and raccoon dog), the second group -cathemeral animals (bear and lynx). In the third group was only the wild boar, whose activity was associated with the evening hours. This is the first long-term continuous camera trap survey in Russia and it provides detailed daily activity patterns for multiple large and medium-sized sympatric mammals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Ogurtsov¹,

Zheltukhin²,

Kotlov³

2018

Nat. Cons. Res.

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“…), whilst the Italian study took place in a landscape dominated by woodlands and vineyards in a Mediterranean climate (Zaccaroni et al. ). Furthermore, it is conceivable that movement was affected by interspecific interactions, i.e., local density of congenerics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An invasive‐native mammalian species replacement process captured by camera trap survey random encounter models

Caravaggi

Zaccaroni

Riga

et al. 2016

Remote Sens Ecol Conserv

100

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Camera traps are used to estimate densities or abundances using capture-recapture and, more recently, random encounter models (REMs). We deploy REMs to describe an invasive-native species replacement process, and to demonstrate their wider application beyond abundance estimation. The Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus is a high priority endemic of conservation concern. It is threatened by an expanding population of nonnative, European hares L. europaeus, an invasive species of global importance. Camera traps were deployed in thirteen 1 km squares, wherein the ratio of invader to native densities were corroborated by night-driven line transect distance sampling throughout the study area of 1652 km 2 . Spatial patterns of invasive and native densities between the invader's core and peripheral ranges, and native allopatry, were comparable between methods. Native densities in the peripheral range were comparable to those in native allopatry using REM, or marginally depressed using Distance Sampling. Numbers of the invader were substantially higher than the native in the core range, irrespective of method, with a 5:1 invader-to-native ratio indicating species replacement. We also describe a post hoc optimization protocol for REM which will inform subsequent (re-)surveys, allowing survey effort (camera hours) to be reduced by up to 57% without compromising the width of confidence intervals associated with density estimates. This approach will form the basis of a more cost-effective means of surveillance and monitoring for both the endemic and invasive species. The European hare undoubtedly represents a significant threat to the endemic Irish hare.

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“…However, this variability has been poorly studied, even though differences in diet between sexes and ages are possible. For example, a greater propensity to disperse has been found in young male hares (Avril et al 2011); males are more active in their movements and with larger home ranges than females (Zaccaroni et al 2013), and microhabitat use may differ (Litvaitis 1990). The different physiological status between sexes and ages can also influence diet variability (Iason and Waterman 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet adaptability by a generalist herbivore: the case of brown hare in a Mediterranean agroecosystem

2015

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Background: Brown hares (Lepus europaeus) were collected before and after autumn rains from a mixed farmland and scrubland area. The age and sex of each specimen were determined, and microhistological technique was applied to analyze the stomach contents. Results: Hares consumed a higher number of plant species in comparison with other studies in continental European farmlands. A different pattern in diet of hare was found, where from a partial herbivory, frugivory, and granivory during the dry period, hares turn to primarily herbivory during the wet period. An expansion of diet breadth and an increase in food consumption was found in the dry season. Farming contributes to the enrichment of diet especially during the dry season. Diet composition was differed between ages, but no significant difference was found between the two sexes.

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Winter locomotor activity patterns of European hares (Lepus europaeus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

An invasive‐native mammalian species replacement process captured by camera trap survey random encounter models

Diet adaptability by a generalist herbivore: the case of brown hare in a Mediterranean agroecosystem

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