Winter forest soil respiration controlled by climate and microbial community composition

Monson, Russell K.; Lipson, D.; Burns, Sean P.; Turnipseed, Andrew A.; Delany, A. C.; Williams, Mark W.; Schmidt, Steven K.

doi:10.1038/nature04555

Cited by 492 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We also found that bacterial secondary succession proceeded very rapidly in the postdisturbance landscape, as communities from 4 and 16 weeks postburn were significantly different, not only in terms of the OTUs present, but also with respect to the phyla/ subphyla proportional abundances (Figure 1, Supplementary Figures S1 and S3). Seasonal effects are known to influence soil microbial community abundances and activities (Monson et al, 2006;Schmidt et al, 2007) and, consistent with these observations, we observed a small but significant difference in the bacterial community structure (Figure 1) of unburned samples from 4 (fall) and 16 (winter) weeks. As well, pH and soil moisture were different between the two sampling timepoints (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…We now possess the tools to reveal high-resolution details about temporal and structural changes in microbial community structure. As microbial community structure drives function, some argue that there is value in knowing 'who does what' to understand and predict ecosystem processes (Zak et al, 2003;Monson et al, 2006;Van Der Heijden et al, 2008). However, as mentioned above, many studies reveal that environmental factors are important determinants of microbial community structure (Fierer and Jackson, 2006;Lozupone and Knight, 2007;Logue and Lindstrom, 2010;Nemergut et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in assembly processes in soil bacterial communities following a wildfire disturbance

et al. 2013

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Although recent work has shown that both deterministic and stochastic processes are important in structuring microbial communities, the factors that affect the relative contributions of niche and neutral processes are poorly understood. The macrobiological literature indicates that ecological disturbances can influence assembly processes. Thus, we sampled bacterial communities at 4 and 16 weeks following a wildfire and used null deviation analysis to examine the role that time since disturbance has in community assembly. Fire dramatically altered bacterial community structure and diversity as well as soil chemistry for both time-points. Community structure shifted between 4 and 16 weeks for both burned and unburned communities. Community assembly in burned sites 4 weeks after fire was significantly more stochastic than in unburned sites. After 16 weeks, however, burned communities were significantly less stochastic than unburned communities. Thus, we propose a three-phase model featuring shifts in the relative importance of niche and neutral processes as a function of time since disturbance. Because neutral processes are characterized by a decoupling between environmental parameters and community structure, we hypothesize that a better understanding of community assembly may be important in determining where and when detailed studies of community composition are valuable for predicting ecosystem function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in assembly processes in soil bacterial communities following a wildfire disturbance

et al. 2013

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“…The overwhelming majority of prior studies of CH 4 fluxes in the Arctic have been carried out during the summer months (12)(13)(14)(15). However, the fall, winter, and spring months represent 70-80% of the year in the Arctic and have been shown to have significant emissions of CO 2 (16)(17)(18). The few measurements of CH 4 fluxes in the Arctic that extend into the fall (6,7,9,10) show complex patterns of CH 4 emissions, with a number indicating high fluxes (7,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget

Zona

Gioli

Commane

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

331

376

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Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH 4 ); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH 4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH 4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for ≥50% of the annual CH 4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the "zero curtain" period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0°C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH 4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH 4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH 4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 ± 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH 4 y −1 , ∼25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or ∼6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH 4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming.permafrost | aircraft | fall | winter | warming E missions of methane (CH 4 ) from Arctic terrestrial ecosystems could increase dramatically in response to climate change (1-3), a potentially significant positive feedback on climate warming. High latitudes have warmed at a rate almost two times faster than the Northern Hemisphere mean over the past century, with the most intense warming in the colder seasons (4) [up to 4°C in winter in 30 y (5)]. Poor understanding of controls on CH 4 emissions outside of the summer season (6-10) represents a large source of uncertainty for the Arctic CH 4 budget. Warmer air temperatures and increased snowfall can potentially increase soil temperatures and deepen the seasonal thawed layer, stimulating CH 4 and CO 2 emissions from the vast stores of labile organic matter in the Arctic (11). The overwhelming majority of prior studies of CH 4 fluxes in the Arctic have been carried out during the summer months (12-15). However, the fall, winter, and spring months represent 70-80% of the year in the Arctic and have been shown to have significant emissions of CO 2 (16-18). The few measurements of CH 4 fluxes in the Arctic that extend into the fall (6, 7, 9, 10) show complex patterns of CH 4 emissions, with a number indicating high fluxes (7, 10). Winter and early spring data appear to be absent in Arctic tundra over continuous permafrost.Beginning usually in late August or early September, the...

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“…This is a serious gap in our general understanding of biodiversity, given that microbes are abundant and diverse, play a central role in ecosystem functioning, and will likely be an important component of ecosystem response to global warming (11)(12)(13). Elevational diversity studies that consider empirical patterns of macroorganisms and microorganisms in parallel are needed to provide a more unified framework for understanding diversity patterns in Earth's major environmental gradients and predicting systemwide ecological responses to climatic change.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes on mountainsides: Contrasting elevational patterns of bacterial and plant diversity

Bryant

Lamanna

Morlon

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

777

776

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The study of elevational diversity gradients dates back to the foundation of biogeography. Although elevational patterns of plant and animal diversity have been studied for centuries, such patterns have not been reported for microorganisms and remain poorly understood. Here, in an effort to assess the generality of elevational diversity patterns, we examined soil bacterial and plant diversity along an elevation gradient. To gain insight into the forces that structure these patterns, we adopted a multifaceted approach to incorporate information about the structure, diversity, and spatial turnover of montane communities in a phylogenetic context. We found that observed patterns of plant and bacterial diversity were fundamentally different. While bacterial taxon richness and phylogenetic diversity decreased monotonically from the lowest to highest elevations, plants followed a unimodal pattern, with a peak in richness and phylogenetic diversity at mid-elevations. At all elevations bacterial communities had a tendency to be phylogenetically clustered, containing closely related taxa. In contrast, plant communities did not exhibit a uniform phylogenetic structure across the gradient: they became more overdispersed with increasing elevation, containing distantly related taxa. Finally, a metric of phylogenetic beta-diversity showed that bacterial lineages were not randomly distributed, but rather exhibited significant spatial structure across the gradient, whereas plant lineages did not exhibit a significant phylogenetic signal. Quantifying the influence of sample scale in intertaxonomic comparisons remains a challenge. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the forces structuring microorganism and macroorganism communities along elevational gradients differ.elevation gradient ͉ microbial ecology ͉ phylogenetic diversity ͉ macroecology ͉ biogeography R oughly 250 years ago, Carolus Linnaeus (1) documented how distinct plant and animal communities characterized the succession of climatic zones along the slopes of mountains. Such elevational gradients are characterized by dramatic changes in climate and biotic turnover over short geographic distances. The patterns observed by Linnaeus and his contemporaries played a foundational role in the development of ecology and biogeography (2

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Winter forest soil respiration controlled by climate and microbial community composition

Cited by 492 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in assembly processes in soil bacterial communities following a wildfire disturbance

Changes in assembly processes in soil bacterial communities following a wildfire disturbance

Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget

Microbes on mountainsides: Contrasting elevational patterns of bacterial and plant diversity

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