Winter dispersal of rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome from the Falkland Islands and its implications for conservation

Pütz, Klemens; Ingham, Rebecca J.; Smith, J. Graham; Lüthi, Bernhard H.

doi:10.3354/meps240273

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One mechanism may be the dispersive migration mode of the southern rockhopper penguin. This observation from our dataset is consistent with the large variation in individual routes shown by winter satellite tracking in this species [17]. Such dispersive migration, together with females leaving the colonies before the males, would hence result in partners being segregated de facto, without any exclusion mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species

et al. 2015

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allée du 6 août, 4000 Liège, Belgium Strong pair bonds generally increase fitness in monogamous organisms, but may also underlie the risk of hampering it when re-pairing fails after the winter season. We investigated whether partners would either maintain contact or offset this risk by exploiting sex-specific favourable niches during winter in a migratory monogamous seabird, the southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome. Using light-based geolocation, we show that although the spatial distribution of both sexes largely overlapped, pair-wise mates were located on average 595 + 260 km (and up to 2500 km) apart during winter. Stable isotope data also indicated a marked overlap between sex-specific isotopic niches (d C values) within pairs. Importantly, the tracked females remained longer (12 days) at sea than males, but all re-mated with their previous partners after winter. Our study provides multiple evidence that migratory species may well demonstrate pair-wise segregation even in the absence of sex-specific winter niches (spatial and isotopic). We suggest that dispersive migration patterns with sex-biased timings may be a sufficient proximal cause for generating such a situation in migratory animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species

et al. 2015

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“…Therefore, we assume that the externally attached devices were not detrimental per se to the penguins and have not essentially altered the birds' behavior. This is further substantiated by studies on the winter dispersal of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus, Pütz et al 2000) and SRP (Pütz et al 2002(Pütz et al , 2006a, where also no device effects were apparent over much longer attachment periods.…”

Section: Technical Features Of the Devices Usedmentioning

confidence: 70%

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Pütz¹,

Harris

Ratcliffe

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/ Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.

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“…Migration, defined as long-distance, directional movements made at the same time by numerous individuals of the same species (Endler 1977), occurs in many species across various taxa (Schneider and Frost 1986;Sorenson and Bianchini 1986;Carmichael et al 1998;Perryman et al 1999;Pütz et al 2002). Undertaking a costly migration generally confers individual benefits, such as locating a favorable habitat that enables more rapid growth or higher survivorship, congregating in breeding areas as a mechanism to bring together disparate individuals for mating, or moving to areas that allow for the birth of young in favorable habitats (Dingle 1980(Dingle , 1996Northcote and Burwash 1991).…”

Section: Sockeye Salmon In the Fraser River In Relation To Their Physmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Variation in Migration Speed of Upriver‐Migrating Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River in Relation to Their Physiological and Energetic Status at Marine Approach

Hanson¹,

Cooke²,

Hinch³

et al. 2008

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Little research has examined individual variation in migration speeds of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in natural river systems or attempted to link migratory behavior with physiological and energetic status on a large spatial scale in the wild. As a model, we used three stocks of summer-run sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River watershed, British Columbia, to test the hypothesis that individual variation in migration speed is determined by a combination of environmental factors (i.e., water temperature), intrinsic biological differences (sex and population), and physiological and energetic condition. Before the freshwater portion of the migration, sockeye salmon (Quesnel, Chilcotin, and Nechako stock complexes) were captured in Johnstone Strait ( approximately 215 km from river entry), gastrically implanted with radio transmitters, and sampled for blood, gill tissue, and energetic status before release. Analyses focused solely on individuals that successfully reached natal subwatersheds. Migration speeds were assessed by an extensive radiotelemetry array. Individuals from the stock complex that migrated the longest distance (Nechako) traveled at speeds slower than those of other stock complexes. Females traveled slower than males. An elevated energetic status of fish in the ocean was negatively correlated with migration speed in most river segments. During the transition from the ocean to the river, migration speed was negatively correlated with mean maximum water temperature; however, for the majority of river segments, it was positively correlated with migration speed. Physiological status measured in the ocean did not explain among-individual variability in river migration speeds. Collectively, these findings suggest that there could be extensive variation in migration behavior among individuals, sexes, and populations and that physiological condition in the ocean explained little of this variation relative to in-river environmental conditions and energetic status. Interestingly, individual fish generally retained their rank in swimming speed across different segments, except when transiting a challenging canyon midway during the migration.

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Winter dispersal of rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome from the Falkland Islands and its implications for conservation

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species

Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Individual Variation in Migration Speed of Upriver‐Migrating Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River in Relation to Their Physiological and Energetic Status at Marine Approach

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