Winter concealment by subyearling rainbow trout: space size selection and reduced concealment under surface ice and in turbid water conditions

Gregory, Jim; Griffith, J. S.

doi:10.1139/z96-052

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Large substrate previously has been shown to be important as concealment for both bull trout (Baxter and McPhail 1997;Thurow 1997;Bonneau and Scarnecchia 1998;Jakober et al 2000) and rainbow trout (Contor and Griffith 1995;Gregory and Griffith 1996;Meyer and Gregory 2000). Rainbow trout movement rates were lower in sample units with larger amounts of rubble substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Are Block Nets Necessary?: Movement of Stream‐Dwelling Salmonids in Response to Three Common Survey Methods

Peterson

Banish

Thurow

2005

N American J Fish Manag

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Fish movement during sampling may negatively bias sample data and population estimates. We evaluated the short-term movements of stream-dwelling salmonids by recapture of marked individuals during day and night snorkeling and backpack electrofishing. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were captured in sufficient numbers to evaluate instream movements and the influence of stream habitat on movement. Salmonids moved upstream more often than downstream, which suggests that fish fled in response to sampling procedures. Fish movement rates were related to sampling method and stream habitat characteristics. The proportion of bull trout (mean total length, 148 mm) moving upstream from a 50-m reach was 28% for day snorkeling, 25% for night snorkeling, and 18% for single-pass electrofishing. The likelihood of rainbow trout movement upstream during sampling declined as the percentage of rubble substrate increased. Rainbow trout (mean total length, 139 mm) traveled short distances; 67% of mobile rainbow trout traveled 25 m, whereas 59% of mobile bull trout traveled more than 50 m. Our results suggest that fish movement out of sample sites during sampling may negatively bias abundance estimates and positively bias estimates of detection probability. We suggest that block nets are necessary to ensure population closure when estimating population abundance for stream-dwelling salmonids. We further caution that, when fish flee in response to sampling, observations of habitat use may only apply to the proportion of fish that remained stationary and that were observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Are Block Nets Necessary?: Movement of Stream‐Dwelling Salmonids in Response to Three Common Survey Methods

Peterson

Banish

Thurow

2005

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Their behaviour changes in the presence of light with increasing tendency to seek shelter with increasing light intensity. This was also demonstrated for other species such as O. mykiss (Contor & Griffith, 1995), although the tendency was less conspicuous under ice cover and in turbid than in clear open water (Gregory & Griffith, 1996).…”

Section: Activity and Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmonSalmo salarand brown troutSalmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow

Jönsson

2009

Journal of Fish Biology

536

510

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The present paper reviews the effects of water temperature and flow on migrations, embryonic development, hatching, emergence, growth and life-history traits in light of the ongoing climate change with emphasis on anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta. The expected climate change in the Atlantic is for milder and wetter winters, with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow, decrease in ice-covered periods and frequent periods with extreme weather. Overall, thermal limits for salmonids are species specific. Scope for activity and growth and optimal temperature for growth increase with temperature to an optimal point before constrain by the oxygen content of the water. The optimal temperature for growth decreases with increasing fish size and varies little among populations within species, whereas the growth efficiency may be locally adapted to the temperature conditions of the home stream during the growth season. Indirectly, temperature influences age and size at smolting through its effect on growth. Time of spawning, egg hatching and emergence of the larvae vary with temperature and selective effects on time of first feeding. Traits such as age at first maturity, longevity and fecundity decrease with increasing temperature whilst egg size increases with temperature. Water flow influences the accessibility of rivers for returning adults and speed of both upstream and downstream migration. Extremes in water flow and temperature can decrease recruitment and survival. There is reason to expect a northward movement of the thermal niche of anadromous salmonids with decreased production and population extinction in the southern part of the distribution areas, migrations earlier in the season, later spawning, younger age at smolting and sexual maturity and increased disease susceptibility and mortality. Future research challenges are summarized at the end of the paper.

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“…They were dwelling in the vicinity of artificial stones, where the water velocities were higher than near the artificial cover structures. Some of the changed habitat use compared with the late summer experiment could be attributed to the larger body size of trout, for example, their better swimming ability or preference for larger concealment spaces (Gregory & Griffith, 1996). However, the brown trout in early summer probably had the higher motivation for foraging.…”

Section: Seasonal Effects Of Cover Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fluctuating flow and temperature on cover type selection and behaviour by juvenile brown trout in artificial flumes

Vehanen¹,

Bjerke

Heggenes

et al. 2000

Journal of Fish Biology

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Brown trout Salmo trutta in a flume used cover more often and were more aggregated at low water temperatures in winter compared with summer. Cover combinations providing the most cover (overhead, visual and velocity cover) were preferred in winter whereas velocity refuges were preferred in late summer; and brown trout rarely used any of these cover structures in early summer. Flow affected cover use especially in winter, when most of the trout moved to shelters during the first high flow period. Movements by brown trout were most frequent in early summer. The much higher aggression rate in summer compared with winter decreased during the first period of high flow in both summer experiments. The results indicate seasonal changes in cover habitat and cover type preferences suggesting that habitat complexity is important, and availability of cover is particularly important during different seasons and fluctuating flow. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Winter concealment by subyearling rainbow trout: space size selection and reduced concealment under surface ice and in turbid water conditions

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Are Block Nets Necessary?: Movement of Stream‐Dwelling Salmonids in Response to Three Common Survey Methods

Are Block Nets Necessary?: Movement of Stream‐Dwelling Salmonids in Response to Three Common Survey Methods

A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmonSalmo salarand brown troutSalmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow

Effect of fluctuating flow and temperature on cover type selection and behaviour by juvenile brown trout in artificial flumes

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