Winter chemical leaching from deciduous tree branches as a function of branch inclination angle in central Massachusetts

Levia, Delphis F.; Herwitz, Stanley R.

doi:10.1002/hyp.1077

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…6). These results match those observed in earlier studies (Inagaki et al 1995;Levia and Herwitz 2002), in which DOC concentrations in stemflow were regulated by retention time when precipitation was retained in bark, which implies that the DOC concentration in the stemflow is affected by different bark morphologies. DOC concentration was higher in Quercus stemflow than in Betula stemflow, owing to the rough and multilayered fibrous bark of Quercus, which thus retains precipitation longer than the single-layered bark of Betula does allowing more DOC to leach.…”

Section: Variations and Regulation Of Doc Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) input to the soil: DOC fluxes and their partitions during the growing season in a cool‐temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest, central Japan

Chen

Yoshitake

Iimura

et al. 2017

Ecological Research

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Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in C cycling in forest ecosystems. Here we measured the concentrations and fluxes of DOC in a cool‐temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest (Takayama Forest) to quantify the contribution of DOC from different forest water flux conditions. Mean DOC concentration during the growing season increased in the sequence from bulk precipitation (2.98 ± 0.45 mg L−1), throughfall above dwarf bamboo (6.84 ± 0.45 mg L−1), throughfall below dwarf bamboo (7.08 ± 0.42 mg L−1), stemflow (15.05 ± 0.98 mg L−1), and litter leachate (21.33 ± 1.01 mg L−1). Litter leachate DOC concentration, being high in spring and autumn, which was fairly correlated with the amount of litterfall of bamboo and trees. In stemflow, the DOC concentration was high during early summer and gradually decreased, in addition, it also showed dramatic variation among different plant species. Litter leachate (72.5%) accounted for most of the DOC input to the soil during the growing season (311.5 kg C ha−1 7 months−1), while stemflow (1.6%) contributed the least. A great quantity of precipitation at the study site was associated with a subsequent high atmospheric contribution of DOC flux (8.6%), which was more than half of throughfall (16.5%). The high input of DOC to the soil and andisol soil characteristics at the Takayama Forest suggest that the DOC fluxes are vital to the soil carbon sequestration. Therefore, DOC fluxes should be taken into account when the carbon balance is assessed at forest ecosystems.

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Section: Variations and Regulation Of Doc Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) input to the soil: DOC fluxes and their partitions during the growing season in a cool‐temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest, central Japan

Chen

Yoshitake

Iimura

et al. 2017

Ecological Research

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“…Remarkably little work has been accomplished hitherto on the interrelationships between canopy structure and stemflow chemistry. Levia and Herwitz [] found that branch inclination angle did, in fact, have a detectable effect on stemflow leachate chemistry. Branches inclined at 20° above the horizontal had significantly higher base cation fluxes in branchflow than branches inclined at 5° or 38° [ Levia and Herwitz , ].…”

Section: Stemflow Yield and Chemistry In Relation To Canopy Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levia and Herwitz [] found that branch inclination angle did, in fact, have a detectable effect on stemflow leachate chemistry. Branches inclined at 20° above the horizontal had significantly higher base cation fluxes in branchflow than branches inclined at 5° or 38° [ Levia and Herwitz , ]. It was concluded that the 20° branch achieved the optimal balance between drop capture and branchflow volume and a long enough residence time of the intercepted precipitation on the branch surface to increase leachate concentrations and fluxes.…”

Section: Stemflow Yield and Chemistry In Relation To Canopy Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of stemflow generation dynamics and stemflow‐environment interactions in forests and shrublands

Levia

Germer

2015

Reviews of Geophysics

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285

271

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Many geoscientists now recognize stemflow as an important phenomenon which can exert considerable effects on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wooded ecosystems and shrublands. Despite the explosive growth of stemflow research, until this review there has been no comprehensive attempt to summarize and synthesize this literature since 2003. Topical areas of substantive new knowledge in stemflow research include the following: (1) the interrelationships among stemflow and meteorological conditions, especially within individual rain events; (2) the dynamic interplay between stemflow and canopy structure; (3) stemflow and the cycling of solutes and transport of particulate matter; (4) stemflow and its interactions with canopy fungi and corticolous lichens; and (5) stemflow-soil interactions. Each of these five topical areas of substantive new stemflow research is summarized and synthesized, with areas of future research opportunities discussed. In addition, we have reviewed the parameters which can be used to describe stemflow and critically evaluate their utility for different purposes. This review makes a call for scientists studying stemflow to utilize common metrics in an effort to increase the cross-site comparability of stemflow studies. Capitalizing on the insights of prior research, exciting research opportunities await hydrologists, biogeoscientists, and forest ecologists who will conduct studies to deepen our knowledge of stemflow which will enable a better and more accurate framing of stemflow in the larger context of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry.

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“…In contrast, stemflow has been observed to be larger for deciduous trees in the leafless canopy state (Helvey and Patric, 1965;Levia and Frost, 2003;Staelens et al, 2011), suggesting that the exposure of a tree's woody frame promotes stemflow production. Levia and Herwitz (2002) further linked branch angle with branch flow solute chemistry. Advancing the findings of earlier work, the primary objective of our research is to provide a novel understanding of stemflow generation processes in relation to canopy structure by identifying the individual canopy structural metrics that exert the greatest influence on stemflow production from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential stemflow yield from European beech saplings: the role of individual canopy structure metrics

et al. 2014

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Stemflow production is affected by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors. It has proven difficult to determine the importance of individual canopy structure metrics on stemflow production. The disentanglement of the role and importance of individual canopy structure metrics would advance our understanding of the dynamics of stemflow production. This work employed ten isolated (i.e. no overlapping crowns) experimental European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings to examine the effects of various canopy structural metrics on stemflow production in east‐central Germany. The following canopy structural metrics were utilized in a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method to separate the saplings into groups: primary branch count per unit projected crown area, secondary branch count per unit projected crown area, total branch count per unit projected crown area, mean branch inclination angle, minimum branch inclination angle, maximum branch inclination angle, total dry woody biomass per unit projected crown area, total foliar dry biomass per unit projected crown area and total dry biomass per unit projected crown area. Cluster group means revealed that saplings, which generate the largest stemflow yields, once controlled for sapling size, have straighter boles (but some trunk lean), more steeply inclined branches, a larger number of branches, more woody surface area and fewer numbers of leaves. Our results may prove valuable as a guide to researchers wishing to couple LiDAR and fine‐scale architectural models with the canopy metrics that govern stemflow to provide a better understanding of the canopy on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of forests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Winter chemical leaching from deciduous tree branches as a function of branch inclination angle in central Massachusetts

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) input to the soil: DOC fluxes and their partitions during the growing season in a cool‐temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest, central Japan

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) input to the soil: DOC fluxes and their partitions during the growing season in a cool‐temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest, central Japan

A review of stemflow generation dynamics and stemflow‐environment interactions in forests and shrublands

Differential stemflow yield from European beech saplings: the role of individual canopy structure metrics

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