Winter-applied Glyphosate Effects on Spring Green-up of Zoysiagrasses and ‘Yukon’ Bermudagrass in a Transition Zone

The widespread use of warm-season turfgrasses in transition zones of Europe, such as northern Italy, has been hampered by the long dormancy periods. To encourage the conversion from cool-to warm-season grasses, research is needed to identify cultivars that exhibit early spring green-up. A 2-year study was conducted at the agricultural experimental farm of Padova University from Novem- Dry weight values of WSC and CP for each cultivar were regressed against days needed to reach 80 % green cover in spring (D80). 'Yukon' exhibited the highest rhizome dry weight and WSC content during the winter months and was the fastest to reach 80 % green cover. Conversely, 'Princess 77' was the slowest cultivar to green-up in both years. Regression analysis revealed a stronger relationship between D80 and WSC than between CP content and D80.

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“…The wide scale use of this species in the Venetian plain has been hindered by its 5‐month‐long dormancy period (Rimi et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Rimi et al. ). Moreover, quality of warm‐season grasses can be affected by a lack of cold tolerance; they can suffer from freeze damage, thereby resulting in a delay in spring green‐up when grown in transitional zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate and Protein Content of Seeded Bermudagrasses and Their Effect on Spring Green‐Up

Schiavon

Macolino

Leinauer

et al. 2015

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…One of the concerns with winter applications of glyphosate in dormant warm-season turf is possible/potential delay of spring greenup (Johnson, 1977;Johnson and Burns, 1985;Johnson and Ware, 1978). Besides variation in zoysiagrass species and environmental conditions (Rimi et al, 2012;Velsor et al, 1989), application timing is a critical factor influencing herbicide safety on zoysiagrass turf. A 2-year study conducted in Missouri found that glyphosate at 2.24 kg · ha -1 on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Z. japonica) applied on 1 Mar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Glufosinate on Dormant Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) Turf

Xiong¹,

Diesburg²,

Lloyd³

2013

horts

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Winter application of glyphosate on dormant zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) is a common practice for control of fall-emerging weeds in the upper transition zone. However, repeated application can lead to selection of resistant weed populations. This study evaluated glufosinate, another non-selective herbicide, for weed control and safety on dormant zoysiagrass turf. Field plots were established on three sites during two growing seasons. At two application timings, glufosinate at rates of 0.84 or 1.68 kg·ha−1 were compared with glyphosate at 0.56 kg·ha−1 and a nontreated control. Application timings included 2 to 3 weeks or 2 to 3 days before zoysiagrass spring green-up. Regardless of rate, glufosinate was similar in effectiveness to glyphosate for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum L.). Application timing significantly affected phytotoxicity on zoysiagrass turf. For applications at 2 to 3 weeks before initiation of zoysiagrass green-up in spring, no negative impact on zoysiagrass was found. However, when applications were made within days of zoysiagrass resuming growth, both glufosinate and glyphosate reduced turf quality up to 40%. This study suggests that glufosinate can be an alternative to glyphosate for weed management on dormant zoysiagrass turf, but applications should be timed at least 2 weeks before initiation of spring growth.

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“…quality equivalently when applied later in the spring season to partially green turfgrass (Xiong et al 2013). Previous research that evaluated either glyphosate or glufosinate on zoysiagrass during winter (Hoyle and Reeves 2017;Rimi et al 2012;Velsor et al 1989;Xiong et al 2013) indicated that these herbicides are safe to apply on "dormant zoysiagrass" or "prior to green-up," but only Velsor et al (1989) made any attempt to characterize these terms. Velsor et al (1989) described green tissue at the base of zoysiagrass stems that was 3 mm long and produced measurable carbon exchange rates but claimed the canopy was otherwise brown when herbicides were applied to "dormant turfgrass."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and heat units on zoysiagrass response to herbicides during post-dormancy transition

et al. 2023

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In the transition zone, turfgrass managers generally utilize dormancy period of warm-season turfgrass to apply herbicides for managing winter annual weeds. Although this weed control strategy is common in bermudagrass, it has been less adopted in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) due to variable turfgrass injury during post-dormancy transition. Previous research reported that air temperature could affect weed control and crop safety from herbicides. Growth chamber studies were conducted to evaluate zoysiagrass response to glyphosate and glufosinate as influenced by three different temperature regimes during and after treatment. A field research study was conducted at four-site years to assess the influence of variable heat unit accumulation on zoysiagrass response to seven herbicides. In the growth chamber study, glufosinate injured zoysiagrass more than glyphosate and reduced time to reach 50% green cover reduction, regardless of the rate when incubated for 7 d under different temperature levels. When green zoysiagrass sprigs were incubated for 7 d at 10 C, the rate of green cover reduction was slowed for both herbicides; however, green cover was rapidly reduced under 27 C. After incubating treated zoysiagrass plugs having 5% green cover at 10 C for 14 d, glyphosate-treated plugs reached 50% green cover in 22 d similarly to nontreated plugs but less than the 70 d required for glufosinate-treated plugs. Zoysiagrass response to glyphosate was temperature dependent, but glufosinate injured zoysiagrass unacceptably regardless of temperature regime. Diquat, flumioxazin, glufosinate, and metsulfuron+rimsulfuron injured zoysiagrass at 200 or 300 growing-degree-day at base 5 C (GDD5C) application timings, but foramsulfuron and oxadiazon did not injure zoysiagrass regardless of GDD5C. The relationship of leaf density to green turf cover is dependent on zoysiagrass mowing height and both metrics are reduced by injurious herbicides. Research indicates that glufosinate injures zoysiagrass more than glyphosate, and speed and magnitude of herbicide injury generally increases with temperature.

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Winter-applied Glyphosate Effects on Spring Green-up of Zoysiagrasses and ‘Yukon’ Bermudagrass in a Transition Zone

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate and Protein Content of Seeded Bermudagrasses and Their Effect on Spring Green‐Up

Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate and Protein Content of Seeded Bermudagrasses and Their Effect on Spring Green‐Up

Application of Glufosinate on Dormant Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) Turf

Effect of temperature and heat units on zoysiagrass response to herbicides during post-dormancy transition

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