Winter Annual Cover Crops in a No-Till Cotton Production System in Virginia

Daniel, James; Abaye, A. O.; Alley, Marcus M.; Adcock, Collin W.; Maitland, J. C.; Wilkinson, William H.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1999.504.10

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Cotton is also noted for its deep taproot and strong drought tolerance, so we are confident that the overall yields reported in Table 4 accurately reflect the potential performance of this crop in the Old Hickory area. These yields are similar to other experimental plot values recently reported by Daniel (1997) for the 1995 and 1996 seasons at nearby Blackstone.…”

Section: Cotton Performance In 1998supporting

confidence: 91%

Reclamation of Prime Farmland Following Mineral Sands Mining in Virginia

Daniels¹,

Schroeder²,

Nagle³

et al. 1999

ASMR

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Significant deposits of mineral sands were discovered in Virginia's Upper Coastal Plain in 1989. The Old Hickory Deposit is the largest ore body in the state (>2000 ha) and supports a productive rowcrop agriculture on prime farmlands. Field experiments were installed on pilot-scale (25 m X 60 m) mining pits in the late summer of 1995 and replicated on an adjacent undisturbed area. Half of each mining pit was topsoiled (25 cm) while the remaining half was left as either (1) mixed tails/slimes or (2) re-graded subsoil over tails/slimes to simulate various pit closure scenarios. Both non-topsoiled areas received 112 Mg/ha of yard waste compost as a soil building amendment. The entire area was ripped/disced to ameliorate compaction and incorporate lime and fertilizer additions. The experiment was cropped through a wheat/soybeans/corn/cotton rotation over the 1995 to 1998 growing seasons. Taken as a whole, these combined results clearly indicate that mining and reclamation of these prime farmlands will lead to a substantial decrease in rowcrop productivity, at least over the initial years following pit closure and reclamation. For the rotation studied, post-mining productivity was estimated by this experiment to be reduced by 23%, 3%, 27%, and 20% for each crop (wheat/soybeans/corn/ cotton) in sequence. For a given crop in a given year, response to topsoiling versus compost addition to the surface varied, and neither treatment appeared superior. Com and cotton yields on the mined land treatments were reduced despite the application of irrigation. Cotton quality was also adversely affected by the mining reclamation treatments. Results of these controlled experiments are somewhat encouraging. However, the implementation of our protocols will be complicated in practice if tailings and slimes cannot be re-blended to generate a reasonably uniform final reclaimed surface. Additional

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Section: Cotton Performance In 1998supporting

confidence: 91%

Reclamation of Prime Farmland Following Mineral Sands Mining in Virginia

Daniels¹,

Schroeder²,

Nagle³

et al. 1999

ASMR

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, improved infiltration and soil water retention due to possible improvements in soil physical properties through cover cropping (Blanco‐Canqui et al., 2011, 2013; Chalise et al., 2018; Haruna et al., 2020; Hubbard et al., 2013; St Aime et al., 2020), an effect that would likely be increased in long‐term cover cropping as organic matter is increased. Other reasons could be the suppression of evaporation and the conservation of soil moisture by the cover crop mulch (Clark et al., 1997; Daniel et al., 1999; Moschler et al., 1967; Russel, 1940; Unger & Vigil, 1998; Vann et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall–winter cover crops promote soil health and weed control in the southeastern clayey soils

2023

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Seven winter cover crops including grasses, legumes, and brassicas were evaluated for biomass production and effects on weed presence, stored soil water, soil health indicators, and the performance of a subsequent soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop in the clayey soils of South Carolina during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. A mixture of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and oat (Avena sativa L.), a mixture of crimson clover and rye, and single rye ranked high for biomass production. Cover crops did not deplete more soil water than a fallow did (-22 to 8% difference in soil water retention, compared to fallow with or without herbicide application), controlled weeds equally well or better than herbicides (>90% reduction in weed presence, compared to herbicide control), and reduced soil penetration resistance (>40%, compared to fallow with or without herbicide application in the second season). The five-species mixture also improved soil biological activity (>43% increase in soil respiration at cover-crop termination, compared to that under a chemical fallow). The subsequent soybean crop's yield was never negatively affected if not improved by the above cover crops (9-173% increase, compared to that following a chemical fallow). Our results indicate the suitability of the above cover crops for the southeastern clayey soils based on biomass production, weed suppression, and improvements in soil health and the subsequent soybean crop's performance and provide the rationale for planting them rather than keeping the land under a chemical fallow.

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“…These cover crops also provided additional benefits to soil structure, microbial populations, and soil water retention. From the outset, annual cereal grass species such as cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were found to be most effective for breaking up soil hardpan layers in no‐till systems (Bloodworth & Johnson, 1995; Daniel et al., 1999). While several other grass and legume cover crop species have been tested in rotations with cotton in subsequent decades, little practical expansion of cover crop species has occurred in cotton rotations (Lewis et al., 2018; Nouri et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover cropping history affects cotton boll distribution, lint yields, and fiber quality

Billman¹,

Campbell²

2023

Crop Science

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There has been limited introduction of new cover crop species into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production within the last 30 years. Mounting evidence shows that traditional cover cropping species may be detrimental to cotton production, either by depleting soil fertility with crop removal, immobilizing minerals from high carbon residue, or excessive quantity of residue remaining at planting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growing a novel cover crop species, carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), as a winter annual cover crop for cotton rotation in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Over a 2‐year period, carinata, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and fallow covers were maintained over winter months, then rotated into cotton. Each year, seedcotton and lint yields were collected, along with subsamples for ginning and subsequent fiber quality analyses. Additionally, end‐of‐season plant mapping was conducted on plants from 1 m of row per plot to determine cover crop effects on boll formation, retention, and distribution, as well as canopy architecture. Results indicated that seedcotton and lint yield of cotton following carinata was greater than cotton following winter wheat, and lint yields of cotton following wheat were lower than cotton after fallow. Fiber quality was largely unaffected by preceding cover crop. End‐of‐season plant mapping indicated that cotton grown after carinata had more position 2 bolls, which correlated to greater lint yields. These results indicate that carinata can potentially serve as a new, more effective cover crop than winter wheat for cotton rotations in Coastal Plain soils.

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Winter Annual Cover Crops in a No-Till Cotton Production System in Virginia

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Reclamation of Prime Farmland Following Mineral Sands Mining in Virginia

Reclamation of Prime Farmland Following Mineral Sands Mining in Virginia

Fall–winter cover crops promote soil health and weed control in the southeastern clayey soils

Cover cropping history affects cotton boll distribution, lint yields, and fiber quality

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