Winning and Losing: An Evolutionary Approach to Mood Disorders and Their Therapy

Sloman, Leon; Sturman, Edward D.; Price, John

doi:10.1177/070674371105600603

Cited by 41 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A lehangolt viselkedés megóvja a veszélyeztetett felet a további támadásoktól, a lehetséges kizá-rástól. Ez a depresszió szociális kompetíció modelljének alapja (Sloman & Gilbert, 2000). A depresszió tehát eredetileg adaptív védekezô mechanizmusnak tekinthetô (Cosmides & Tooby, 1999).…”

Section: Az Anorexia Nervosa Mint Fenyegetettségre Adott Válaszunclassified

Evolutionary mechanisms in the background of anorexia nervosa

Jánosi¹,

Túry²

2012

Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Az anorexia nervosa kialakulására vonatkozóan ma a komplex, multidimenzionális megközelítéseket ajánlják. Emellett több olyan elmélet is ismeretes, mely a kórképet egy szelektív szemszögbôl vizsgálja, ilyen az evolúciós pszichológiai magyarázat is. Az evolúciós pszichológia az utóbbi két évtizedben bontakozott ki, képviselôi arra a kérdésre keresik a választ, hogy az evolúció során kialakult túlélési mechanizmusok milyen mértékben befolyásolják a mai ember lelki mûködését. Az anorexia nervosa evolúciós értelmezése egy lehetséges adaptív stratégiát lát a kórkép hátterében. Az evolúciós megközelítés provokatív elképzelésnek indult, mára azonban egyre elfogadottabbá válnak az egyes evolúciós elméletek (például a reproduktív szuppresszió, szülôi manipuláció). Ugyanakkor az ôsi adaptív mechanizmusok szerepe kevésbé tanulmányozott és alig ismert. Az ultimatív okok keresése helyett inkább a proximatív megközelítést helyezik elôtérbe. A jelen tanulmány célja a figyelemfelkeltés mellett ezen újfajta értelmezés bemutatása, s új kutatási témák felkínálása az evolúciós elméleteken keresztül.Kulcsszavak: anorexia nervosa, evolúciós pszichológia, adaptív stratégia, modern evolú-ciós elméletek, ôsi mechanizmusok, ultimatív okok, proximatív megközelítés Bevezetés

show abstract

Section: Az Anorexia Nervosa Mint Fenyegetettségre Adott Válaszunclassified

Evolutionary mechanisms in the background of anorexia nervosa

Jánosi¹,

Túry²

2012

Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 It motivates us to try our hardest to succeed, to achieve the euphoria associated with success, and to promote a shift from an adversarial mindset to feelings of benevolence, which promotes reconciliation with the loser.…”

Section: Attachment and Social Rank Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 After observing the similarity between long-tailed macaques' reaction to hierarchical loss and human depression, Price 5 claimed that "states of depression, anxiety and irritability are the emotional concomitants of behaviour patterns that are necessary for the maintenance of dominance hierarchies in social groups." p 243…”

Section: Attachment and Social Rank Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yielding mechanism has come to be known as the IDS. 6,7 It is involuntary because it is triggered automatically outside conscious awareness. It is a strategy because the psychological, physiological, and behavioural manifestations have a specifi c function, which is to promote acceptance of defeat.…”

Section: Attachment and Social Rank Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described the biological mechanisms associated with winning and losing. 1 We now explore the meaning of these reactions in families, bearing in mind that, in the hunter-gatherer era, many or most members of the group were related. We show how one family member's success or failure can infl uence the fi tness of another family member, drawing attention to a feature of natural selection that has largely been overlooked.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Impact of Winning and Losing on Family Interactions: A Biological Approach to Family Therapy

Sloman

Sturman

2012

Can J Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the connection between winning and losing and family functioning. We do this by hypothesizing a link between successful outcomes in individual competition and in functional family interaction. This enables us to show how therapeutic interventions can be directed toward the attachment system, by lowering anxiety and fostering mutual trust, and toward the social rank system, by promoting success and feelings of empowerment.Method: A search of online databases was conducted with key search terms related to winning and losing, and their effects on attachment patterns and family interactions.Results: Winning in agonistic encounters has been associated with lowered dysphoria, anxiety, and hostility. These affective states trigger positive patterns of family interaction through their effect on the social rank and attachment systems. Conclusion:Continued success promotes adaptive cycles of interaction, whereas inability to accept loss has the reverse effect. Early humans, who were more successful in competition, were better able to promote the survival and well-being of other family members, which would have accelerated our phylogenetic adaptation. Résultats : Gagner dans des rencontres agonistiques est associé à une diminution de la dysphorie, de l'anxiété, et de l'hostilité. Ces états affectifs déclenchent des modèles positifs d'interaction familiale par leur effet sur les systèmes de rang social et d'attachement. Conclusion :Le succès continu favorise des cycles d'interaction adaptatifs, alors que l'incapacité d'accepter de perdre a l'effet contraire. Les premiers humains, qui réussissaient mieux dans la compétition, étaient plus aptes à promouvoir la survie et le bien-être des autres membres de la famille, ce qui aurait accéléré notre adaptation phylogénétique.W e all love to see the people we support win, be it in sports, the arts, their work, or any other domain that matters to them. Why do we resonate so strongly to others' successes and failures? Could these reactions have had a survival value in the past? We recently described the biological mechanisms associated with winning and losing. 1 We now explore the meaning of these reactions in families, bearing in mind that, in the hunter-gatherer era, many or most members of the group were related. We show how one family member's success or failure can infl uence the fi tness of another family member, drawing attention to a feature of natural selection that has largely been overlooked. Families vary in their functioning. While some are resilient, caring, and supportive of each other, with securely attached children, others interact in more negative ways. Successes and failures in life may lead to functional or dysfunctional patterns of family interaction, which, once established, may persist over generations. We show how these variations served an adaptive function in the distant past, while having therapeutic implications for today.

show abstract

The enemy between us: The psychological and social costs of inequality

Wilkinson

Pickett

2017

Euro J Social Psych

205

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is now substantial evidence that larger income differences in a society increase the prevalence of most of the health and social problems that tend to occur more frequently lower down the social ladder. The pathways through which human beings are sensitive to inequality are however less clear. This paper outlines the explanatory theory that we think best fits the growing but incomplete body of evidence available. Inequality appears to have its most fundamental effects on the quality of social relations—with implications affecting the prevalence of a number of psychopathologies. We suggest that human beings have two contrasting evolved social strategies: one that is adaptive to living in a dominance hierarchy and the other appropriate to more egalitarian societies based on reciprocity and cooperation. Although both strategies are used in all societies, we hypothesise that the balance between them changes with the extent of material inequality.

show abstract

Winning and Losing: An Evolutionary Approach to Mood Disorders and Their Therapy

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary mechanisms in the background of anorexia nervosa

Evolutionary mechanisms in the background of anorexia nervosa

The Impact of Winning and Losing on Family Interactions: A Biological Approach to Family Therapy

The enemy between us: The psychological and social costs of inequality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About