Wingtip Vortex Preservation Using a Coupled Vortex Particle Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver

Abstract

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Wake Preservation Using a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Solver

“…This allows a coarser CFD mesh to be used without the vorticity being dissipated. The VPM has been coupled with the CFD solver using the SVM method using the implementation similar to that defined in [13]. Details of the VPM and SVM implementation are repeated in this paper along with the new seeding approach.…”

“…( 16) and ( 17), directly requires O (𝑁 𝑀). The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) [18] allows the cost of the velocity computation to be reduced to O (𝑁), details of the implementation of the FMM for both the induced velocity and source terms can be found in [13].…”

“…This is done by including the influence of the particles in the CFD solution through the Split Velocity Method, which has previously been used in the simulation of gusts [11,12]. This approach has been previously implemented in [13,14]. The seeding approach was found to be numerically ill-conditioned.…”