Winds at 100 Mb and 50 Mb Over the United States in 1952

Darling, Eugene M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477-34.10.458

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows the Tempelhof radiosonde temperature measurements of 21 February (before the warming), 23 February (at the peak of the SSW), and 28 February (after the peak) (Wiehler, 1955). Also in February 1952, upper level wind data from radiosondes over the northern United States indicated an increase of the frequency of easterly winds at 50 hPa associated with a closed persistent anticyclonic circulation northwest of Hudson Bay and a warming over Canada and Greenland (Darling, 1953).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Baldwin

Ayarzagüena

Birner

et al. 2021

Reviews of Geophysics

276

226

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Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼10–50 km) are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological wintertime westerly winds. SSWs are caused by the breaking of planetary‐scale waves that propagate upwards from the troposphere. During an SSW, the polar vortex breaks down, accompanied by rapid descent and warming of air in polar latitudes, mirrored by ascent and cooling above the warming. The rapid warming and descent of the polar air column affect tropospheric weather, shifting jet streams, storm tracks, and the Northern Annular Mode, making cold air outbreaks over North America and Eurasia more likely. SSWs affect the atmosphere above the stratosphere, producing widespread effects on atmospheric chemistry, temperatures, winds, neutral (nonionized) particles and electron densities, and electric fields. These effects span both hemispheres. Given their crucial role in the whole atmosphere, SSWs are also seen as a key process to analyze in climate change studies and subseasonal to seasonal prediction. This work reviews the current knowledge on the most important aspects of SSWs, from the historical background to dynamical processes, modeling, chemistry, and impact on other atmospheric layers.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%