“…However, the actual PQ events generally consist of two or more SPDs which occur simultaneously, i.e., MPDs [10,11]. These MPDs, including sag, swell, interruption, harmonic, flicker, oscillation, impulse, notch and other SPDs proposed in [12][13][14][15], carry a high risk of causing economic losses and serious damage to electrical elements. For instance, the arc voltage, which is composed of harmonics, transients and voltage sag, may lead to severe short-circuit and fire hazard owing to its mobility and the increment of resistance temperature [16].…”