Wind waves in the North Atlantic from ship navigational radar: SeaVision development and its validation with the Spotter wave buoy and WaveWatch III

Abstract

Abstract. Wind waves play an important role in the climate system, modulating the energy exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere and effecting ocean mixing. However, existing ship-based observational networks of wind waves are still sparse, limiting therefore the possibilities of validating satellite missions and model simulations. In this paper we present data collected on three research cruises in the North Atlantic and Arctic in 2020 and 2021 and the SeaVision system for measuring wind wave characteristics over the open ocean with a standard marine navigation X-band radar. Simultaneously with the SeaVision wind wave characteristic measurements, we also collected data from the Spotter wave buoy at the same locations, and we ran the WaveWatch III model in a very high-resolution configuration over the observational domain. SeaVision measurements were validated against co-located Spotter wave buoy data and intercompared with the output of WaveWatch III simulations. Observations of the wind waves with the navigation X-band radar were found to be in good agreement with buoy data and model simulations with the best match for the wave propagation directions. Supporting datasets consist of significant wave heights, wave directions, wave periods and wave energy frequency spectra derived from both SeaVision and the Spotter buoy. All supporting data are available through the PANGAEA repository – https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.939620 (Gavrikov et al., 2021). The dataset can be further used for validation of satellite missions and regional wave model experiments. Our study shows the potential of ship navigation X-band radars (when assembled with SeaVision or similar systems) for the development of a new near-global observational network providing a much larger number of wind wave observations compared to e.g. Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) data and research vessel campaigns.

Improving Data-Driven Estimation of Significant Wave Height through Preliminary Training on Synthetic X-band Radar Sea Clutter Imagery

“…The method necessitates the incorporation of modulation transfer functions and calibration coefficients specific to individual radar antennas [2], thereby constraining its generalizability. Despite this limitation, the classical methodology remains extensively applied for real-time estimation of ocean wave parameters, processing the back-scatter spectrum derived from radar images [3].…”

“…For this research, we adopt the data collection methodology outlined in [3]. Our dataset comprises samples obtained during four research expeditions conducted in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans.…”

“…In this study, considering spatial resolution of 1.875 m, we choose the outer radius of the meaningful area as ≈1920 m (1024 px). Hence, we work with pre-processed 1024 × 2048 images in contradistinction to 384 × 384 in [3].…”

“…Hence, we completely determine the shape of the one-dimensional downwind fully developed wave spectrum (1) with either U 10 or SWH (3).…”

“…Step Two consists of three stages: 3 1 , 3 2 and 3 3 . The input of the model is the masked radar image.…”