Wind Turbines from the Swedish Wind Energy Program and the Subsequent Commercialization Attempts—A Historical Review

Möllerström, Erik

doi:10.3390/en12040690

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While NASA & DOE were pursuing the Mod program, Hamilton Standard went out of the country to win a portion of a Swedish R&D contract for development of another large turbine (Mo¨llerstro¨m, 2019). Sweden, like the US and Germany, had its focus on governmental-funded large prototypes.…”

Section: Bringing Nasa Down To Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part II–The 1970s onward

Gipe¹,

Möllerström

2022

Wind Engineering

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We review the development of wind turbines for generating electricity from the late 19th century to the present, summarizing some key characteristics. We trace the move from two and four blade wind turbines to the three blades common today. We establish that it was not the governmental-funded wind programs with its large-scale prototypes of the 1970–80s that developed into the commercial turbines of today. Instead, it was the small-scale Danish wind turbines, developed for an agricultural market, that developed into the commercial turbines of today. And we show that much of what we know today about wind turbine design was known by the 1930s and certainly well known by the late 1950s. This work is divided into two parts: the first part takes up the development from the first electricity producing wind turbines through to the 1960s and a second part on development from the 1970s onward.

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Section: Bringing Nasa Down To Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part II–The 1970s onward

Gipe¹,

Möllerström

2022

Wind Engineering

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“…As renewable energy sources are diversified, and the technology diffusion process is multifaceted and complex, scientists consider diverse concrete renewable energy technologies e.g. solar PV [23], biogas [24,25,26], or wind energy [27,28]. Furthermore, authors often scrutinize it by basing on particular determinants or perspectives of various interest groups as well as perform case studies on specific geographical areas.…”

Section: Major Ret Diffusion Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Poland

Juszczyk¹,

Juszczyk²,

Juszczyk³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A harmful impact of climate change and global warming has concerned various sectors of the international community. Numerous energy policies aiming at climate change mitigation have been implemented on a national and global scale. Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) play a critical role in enhancing sustainable solutions that significantly limit greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Such innovative technologies can facilitate energy transition through providing e.g. energy security, sustainable development, or effective usage of indigenous resources. However, the commercialization of RET becomes extremely challenging. The barriers can be of a different nature, although in this study the focus has been put on socio-economic and regulatory issues. In fact, there is ample evidence that energy policies play a central role in supporting renewables adoption. It is also claimed that RET require the whole ecosystem to support their successful diffusion. In this study, we explore multifarious barriers for a widespread RET diffusion in two European Union countries: Finland and Poland, indicating the most common barriers existing in the literature as well as analyzing major bottlenecks in the viewpoint of renewable energy companies’ executives. We also present statistics of the most commonly used RET in these countries in order to express the diffusion issues more appropriately. The outcomes of this study provide useful insight for the researchers in the energy transition field as well as practical managerial and regulatory implications aimed at overcoming these challenges.

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“…Unlike Europe and North America, which have a long history of wind energy [1][2][3], Africa does not have significant amounts of wind power, and as of 2018, it makes up less than 1% of the total global wind power capacity, with installations mainly in South Africa and Egypt [4]. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1991 and is considered as one of the least developed countries in the world, with an acute energy crisis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for the Three Topographic Regions of Eritrea

2020

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This paper presents the wind energy potential and wind characteristics for 25 wind sites in Eritrea, based on wind data from the years 2000–2005. The studied sites are distributed all over Eritrea, but can roughly be divided into three regions: coastal region, western lowlands, and central highlands. The coastal region sites have the highest potential for wind power. An uncertainty, due to extrapolating the wind speed from the 10-m measurements, should be noted. The year to year variations are typically small and, for the sites deemed as suitable for wind power, the seasonal variations are most prominent in the coastal region with a peak during the period November–March. Moreover, Weibull parameters, prevailing wind direction, and wind power density recalculated for 100 m above ground are presented for all 25 sites. Comparing the results to values from the web-based, large-scale dataset, the Global Wind Atlas (GWA), both mean wind speed and wind power density are typically higher for the measurements. The difference is especially large for the more complex-terrain central highland sites where GWA results are also likely to be more uncertain. The result of this study can be used to make preliminary assessments on possible power production potential at the given sites.

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Wind Turbines from the Swedish Wind Energy Program and the Subsequent Commercialization Attempts—A Historical Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part II–The 1970s onward

An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part II–The 1970s onward

Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Poland

An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for the Three Topographic Regions of Eritrea

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