Wind tunnel experiments to prove a hydraulic passive torque control concept for variable speed wind turbines

Diepeveen, N.F.B.; Laguna, Antonio Jarquin

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/555/1/012028

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This coordination-free control policy is optimal for an isolated turbine but is unsuitable for a wind farm due to the wake effect. For instance, if all upstream wind turbines adopted this greedy control strategy 4 , although they could maximize their power output, within their wake plane, the downstream wind speed would experience a rapid drop and the power generation of turbines situated at this area will plummet. As a result, the power production of the entire wind farm would keep at a relatively low level.…”

Section: B the Control Framework Of An Individual Hwtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine-Based Farm

Huang

Lin

Zhao

2023

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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This paper leverages multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to develop an efficient control system for a wind farm comprising a new type of wind turbines with hydrostatic transmission. The primary motivation for hydrostatic wind turbines (HWT) is increased reliability, and reduced manufacturing, operating, and maintaining costs by removing troublesome components and reducing nacelle weight. Nevertheless, the high system complexity of HWT and the wake effect pose significant challenges for the control of HWT-based wind farms. We therefore propose a MARL algorithm named multi-agent policy optimization (MAPO), which allows agents (turbines) to gradually improve their control policies by repeatedly interacting with the environment to learn an optimal operation curve for wind farms. Simulation results based on a wind farm simulator, FAST.Farm, show that MAPO outperforms the greedy policy and a popular learning-based method, multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG), in terms of power generation.

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Section: B the Control Framework Of An Individual Hwtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine-Based Farm

Huang

Lin

Zhao

2023

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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“…The offshore condition being different from onshore, Diepeveen et al brought up a new concept, which is shown as Figure 25, including the FPFM with oil and the open‐loop with seawater, 104–106 and having made an experiment rig to test the performance 107 . At first, the water pump is fix displacement and then the authors modeled a single plant and planned to use the passive torque control 108 to test the strategy 109 . After modeling the dynamic interaction of two turbines when they are coupled to the same hydraulic network, they found that a passive control strategy of the rotor speed is not sufficient, and a hydraulic network with constant pressure is suggested 110 …”

Section: The Hydraulic Technology Applications In Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

et al. 2020

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With the development of large-scale wind power generation and offshore wind energy, reducing the nacelle weight and the gear failure rate is increasingly important.Hydraulic transmission is characterized by its flexible layout and transmits large energy with small volume and weight, which suits the demands of wind power generation. In this paper, a thorough review of hydraulic technology application in wind energy is carried out, in the aspect of pitch, brake, yaw, transmission, new applications, and the potential problems. K E Y W O R D S hydraulic brake, hydraulic pitch, hydraulic transmission, hydraulic yaw, new applications, wind energy 1 | INTRODUCTIONHydraulic transmission applied to wind energy is not a new concept, and early works by JERICO 1 showed that a lack of component availability is the main factor hindering its implementation. Some commercial wind turbines are equipped with hydraulic pitch or yaw mechanism, but after several years, oil leakages affected the turbine exterior and the control performance forcing the reuse of electrical systems. With the development of hydraulic components and the growing size of wind power generation, hydraulic technology has gradually been applied in wind energy, such as the hydraulic pitch system 2 listed in Table 1, the hydraulic braking system, 3 and hydraulic transmission system 4,5 depicted in Table 2. With the development of hydraulic components and offshore wind energy (which has been estimated by the MAKE to be a 3.9GW grid capacity in 2018), hydraulic wind turbine will find its new development.In this paper, an overall review of the hydraulic technology applied in wind energy, including the hydraulic structure and the corresponding control strategy, is carried out. The article is structured as follows: In the first section, hydraulic technology and wind energy basic situation are mainly introduced, especially their potential binding points. In the second section, the hydraulic application in the pitch, brake, yaw, transmission between the rotor and the generator, and other novel application are mainly described. In the third section, a review about the hydraulic components studied specially for wind energy is made. In the fourth section, the deficiency and advantage of hydraulic energy applied in wind energy and the application prospect are discussed.

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“…However, the DOT500 allows for prototyping and provides a proof of concept for faster development towards the ideal DOT concept. From this point onwards, all discussions and calculations will refer to the intermediate DOT500 setup, including the described oil circuit (Diepeveen et al, 2018). A prototype was erected in June 2016 at Rotterdam Maasvlakte II, the Netherlands.…”

Section: The Intermediate Dot500 Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the components described in the above-given enumeration, auxiliary hardware is present and required for operation of the turbine. A more detailed description is presented in Diepeveen et al (2018); however, a short summary of the relevant components and remarks is given.…”

Section: Drivetrain Component Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control design, implementation, and evaluation for an in-field 500 kW wind turbine with a fixed-displacement hydraulic drivetrain

Mulders

Diepeveen²,

Wingerden

2018

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. The business case for compact hydraulic wind turbine drivetrains is becoming ever stronger, as offshore wind turbines are getting larger in terms of size and power output. Hydraulic transmissions are generally employed in high-load systems and form an opportunity for application in multi-megawatt turbines. The Delft Offshore Turbine (DOT) is a hydraulic wind turbine concept replacing conventional drivetrain components with a single seawater pump. Pressurized seawater is directed to a combined Pelton turbine connected to an electrical generator on a central multi-megawatt electricity generation platform. This paper presents the control design, implementation, and evaluation for an intermediate version of the ideal DOT concept: an in-field 500 kW hydraulic wind turbine. It is shown that the overall drivetrain efficiency and controllability are increased by operating the rotor at maximum rotor torque in the below-rated region using a passive torque control strategy. An active valve control scheme is employed and evaluated in near-rated conditions.

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Wind tunnel experiments to prove a hydraulic passive torque control concept for variable speed wind turbines

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine-Based Farm

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine-Based Farm

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

Control design, implementation, and evaluation for an in-field 500 kW wind turbine with a fixed-displacement hydraulic drivetrain

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