Wind Tunnel Aerodynamic Tests of Six Airfoils for Use on Small Wind Turbines

Selig, Michael S.; McGranahan, Bryan D.

doi:10.1115/1.1793208

Cited by 183 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…Reynolds number (Re), which is the ratio of inertia forces over viscous forces, is considered to be low if Re \ 5 9 10 5 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]25]. Airfoils operating under such low Re, at certain range of angles of attack, a (measured in degree), face separation in the attached boundary layer due to the inability of the flow to overcome the adverse pressure gradients (APG).…”

Section: Laminar Separation Bubble (Lsb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil for small wind turbines using the $$\gamma - {\text{Re}}_{\theta }$$ γ - Re θ model

Shah

Mathew

Lim

2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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The mechanism of the laminar separation bubble and the laminar-turbulent transition over the airfoil UBD5494 is simulated in ANSYS-FLUENT using the transition gamma À Re h model at Reynolds number 6 9 10 4 , 1 9 10 5 , 1.5 9 10 5 , 2 9 10 5 and 3 9 10 5 . Modified constants of the Reynolds momentum thickness are incorporated in the model. The aerodynamic performance of the airfoil is also examined against the flow behaviour. Simulation results show that with the increase in angle of attack, laminar separation bubble moves towards the leading edge and at the same time contracts in size. It starts to expand after reaching the foremost point of the leading edge and then bursts, resulting in flow turbulence and stall. With decreasing Re, the size of the laminar separation bubble is found to be increasing and its progress towards the leading edge is noticed to be slower. The numerical results also indicated that UBD5494 airfoil has enhanced lift-to-drag ratio and desirable stall characteristics which are distinctively advantageous for the better performance of small wind turbine rotors.

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Section: Laminar Separation Bubble (Lsb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical airfoils designed for high Re, such as NACA airfoil series, are reported to underperform under such low Re conditions and consequently degrade the wind turbine performance [7,8]. Alongside, airfoils designed for low Re specifically for small HAWTs are found to be limited in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil for small wind turbines using the $$\gamma - {\text{Re}}_{\theta }$$ γ - Re θ model

Shah

Mathew

Lim

2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…Λ is not tabulated for a NREL S814 airfoil, but Selig shows that the correction is proportional to model volume [46]. Therefore, the tabulated value for the NACA 63 3 -018 of Λ ≈ 0.316 was adjusted proportionally to the airfoil's volume ratio to arrive at Λ ≈ 0.42 for the NREL S814.…”

Section: Iiif Lift Pitching Moment and Drag Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughness Sensitivity Comparisons of Wind Turbine Blade Sections

Wilcox

2017

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One explanation for wind turbine power degradation is insect roughness. Historical studies on insect-induced power degradation have used simulation methods which are either unrepresentative of actual insect roughness or too costly or time-consuming to be applied to wide-scale testing. Furthermore, the role of airfoil geometry in determining the relations between insect impingement locations and roughness sensitivity has not been studied.To link the effects of airfoil geometry, insect impingement locations, and roughness sensitivity, a simulation code was written to determine representative insect collection patterns for different airfoil shapes. Insect collection pattern data was then used to simulate roughness on an NREL S814 airfoil that was tested in a wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers between 1.6 × 10 6 and 4.0 × 10 6 . Results are compared to previous tests of a NACA 63 3 -418 airfoil.Increasing roughness height and density results in decreased maximum lift, lift curve slope, and lift-to-drag ratio. Increasing roughness height, density, or Reynolds number results in earlier bypass transition, with critical roughness Reynolds numbers lying within the historical range. Increased roughness sensitivity on the 25% thick NREL S814 is observed compared to the 18% thick NACA 63 3 -418.Blade-element-momentum analysis was used to calculate annual energy production losses of 4.9% and 6.8% for a NACA 63 3 -418 turbine and an NREL S814 turbine, respectively, operating with 200 µm roughness. These compare well to historical field measurements. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…Tangler et al (1995) conducted an experimental study on NREL-series airfoil profiles for horizontal axis wind turbines in order to evaluate lift force and drag force. Selig et al (2003) experimentally investigated E387, FX 63-137 (C), S822 (B), S834, SD2030 (B) and SH3055 airfoil profiles in a wind tunnel to measure the aeroacoustics and aerodynamics in order to achieve high efficiency in silent and small wind turbines for use in low speed wind areas in America. Geissler (2003) carried out a numerical study on the vibrational effect of the transonic flow over an NLR-7301 airfoil simulated by the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Performance Analyses of Different Airfoils for Use in Wind Turbines

Düz

Yıldız

2018

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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This study numerically investigated different types of high-performance airfoils in order to increase the efficiency of wind turbines. Performances of five airfoil types were numerically simulated at different attack angles (0 ° <α <20 °) and at different wind speeds (4, 8, 16 and 32 m/s). Numerical analysis shows that all airfoils achieve the highest performance at attack angles between 4o and 7o. Results also show that the performance of all airfoils increases in direct proportion to increase in wind speed with a low gradient. A new hybrid airfoil was generated by combining lower and upper surface coordinates of two high-performance airfoils which achieved the better results in pressure distribution. Numerical analysis shows that the hybrid airfoil profile performs up to 6% better than other profiles at attack angles between 4o and 7o while it follows the maximum performance curves closely at other attack anglesArticle History: Received January 16th 2018; Received in revised form June 5th 2018; Accepted June 15th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Duz, H and Yildiz, S. (2018) Numerical Performance Analyses of Different Airfoils for Use in Wind Turbines. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 151-157.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.151-157

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Wind Tunnel Aerodynamic Tests of Six Airfoils for Use on Small Wind Turbines

Cited by 183 publications

References 13 publications

Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil for small wind turbines using the $$\gamma - {\text{Re}}_{\theta }$$ γ - Re θ model

Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil for small wind turbines using the $$\gamma - {\text{Re}}_{\theta }$$ γ - Re θ model

Roughness Sensitivity Comparisons of Wind Turbine Blade Sections

Numerical Performance Analyses of Different Airfoils for Use in Wind Turbines

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