“…The predetermined parameters of the window length l for Hankel matrix in SSA is set as 500. The parameters (K, α, γ) in VMD, (s) in SSA, (τ, d) in PSR, and (C, σ 2 ) in KELM are searched for the scopes of [2,10], [0, 1], [1,2000], [1,167], [1,15], [1,40], [1,1000], and [1,1000], orderly. For the relevant comparative models, the regularization coefficient C and the kernel parameter σ 2 of all the SVR-and KELM-based models are optimized by GS, where the searching scopes are in intervals [2 −8 , 2 8 ] and [2 −5 , 2 5 ], respectively.…”