Wind reduces growth and yield but not net leaf photosynthesis of primocane-fruiting red raspberries (Rubus idaues L.) in the establishment years

Abstract

Privé, J.-P. and Allain, N. 2000. Wind reduces growth and yield but not net leaf photosynthesis of primocane-fruiting red raspberries (Rubus idaues L.) in the establishment years. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 841-847. Four primocane-fruiting (PF) red raspberry cultivars, Bogong, Autumn Cascade, Heritage and Dinkum, were grown in exposed or sheltered (50% permeable artificial windbreak) sites fully exposed to prevailing winds in Bouctouche, NB. Shelters were erected at the beginning and removed at the end of each growing season. In the establishment year, all cultivars were evaluated to determine the effects of wind stress on their vegetative and reproductive development and leaf gas exchange. since all cultivars responded similarly to the effect of wind in year one, only Dinkum was monitored in years two and three. In all years, the artificial windbreak resulted in an overall 35% reduction in wind velocity, increased the number of calm days (< 5.4 km h -1 ) and decreased the incidence of strong breezes (> 36 km h -1 ). Interestingly in this maritime climate, the artificial windbreak did not have much of an effect on altering relative humidity, vapour pressure deficits, or air or soil temperature. Plants from sheltered sites consistently had greater above-ground biomass (especially cane dry weight) and longer cane internodes. For two of the three years, leaf area and yield were also greater in the sheltered sites. Leaf gas exchange parameters (Pn, gs and Ci), expressed per unit of leaf area, did not differ between treatments for most of the season, but the sheltered plants retained more leaf area and thus had the potential to fix a greater amount of carbon than the exposed plants. The larger, sheltered plants produced a more extensive fruiting framework, which resulted in increased yields in both the establishment and subsequent year. It is recommended to shelter raspberry plants from wind in the initial establishment years. Vu le comportement identique de tous les cultivars dans l'année 1, nous n'avons retenu que Dinkum pour les observations de deuxième et de troisième année. Dans toutes les années, la présence des brise-vent provoquait une réduction de 35 % en moyenne de la vitesse du vent, une augmentation du nombre de jours calmes (vent <5,4 km h -1 ) et une diminution de la fréquence des fortes brises (>36 kg h -1 ). À noter que dans ce climat maritime, les brise-vent n'avaient pourtant que peu d'effet sur le taux d'humidité relative, sur les déficits de pression de vapeur ou sur la température de l'air et du sol. Les plantes cultivées les des endroits abrités portaient régulièrement une biomasse verte plus abondante, en particulier le poids sec des tiges lesquelles, en outre, avaient des entrenoeuds plus longs. À deux des trois années, leur surface foliaire et leur rendement étaient plus élevés. Les paramètres des échanges gazeux foliaires : photosynthèse nette (Pn), conductance stomatique et CO 2 intercellulaire, exprimés par unité de surface foliaire ne manifestaient pas de différences entre les deux traitement...

Small Fruit Production in High Tunnels

“…Goulart, unpublished data). A recent study in New Brunswick, however, indicated that wind did not affect photosynthesis (Privé and Allain, 2000), therefore perhaps other factors such as humidity or soil moisture were also involved. In addition, the more diffuse light conditions in the tunnel may have resulted in more light reaching lower leaves, and increased photosynthesis rates.…”

Cropping potential of raspberry long-cane plants is affected by their growing conditions and duration of cold storage

“…Heat unit sum accumulation has been correlated with raspberry cane growth (Hoover et al, 1989). Furthermore, protecting canes from wind increased their growth and yield (Privé and Allain, 2000). Because plants in the open field received more water from rainfall, less irrigation was needed, thus they were fertigated less frequently and received less nutrient solution.…”

Raspberry Cultivar ‘Glen Ample’ Growing Under High Tunnels in Latvia

“…The stabilisation of canes promoted increase of leaf area by 41% to 159% depending on genotype, compared to control canes. The tunnels, similarly to wind shelters (Prive and Allain, 2000), improve a better microclimate, and provide more favourable conditions for cane growing, flower pollination and development of berries.…”

“…Some genotypes are not very sensitive to climate, and for these no differences in bud development are observed (Dale, 2008). In experiments with autumn raspberries, the use of a wind shelter increased yield, as shoots were longer, with more internodes and fruit laterals, and the leaf surface was larger (Prive and Allain, 2000). A clear knowledge of raspberry flower initiation and dormancy indicates that the plant can be manipulated in many ways so that the fruits can be produced throughout the year.…”