Wind-induced Precipitation Undercatch of the Hellmann Gauges

Yang, Daqing; Elomaa, Esko; Tuominen, Asko; Aaltonen, Ari; Goodison, B.; Günther, Thilo; Golubev, Valentin S.; Sevruk, Boris; Madsen, Henning; Milković, Janja

doi:10.2166/nh.1999.0004

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The intercomparison data collected at the four sites for more than three winter seasons were compiled; they represented a great variety of climate, terrain, and exposure. Relation of catch ratio as a function of wind speed and air temperature has been developed for the Hellmann gauges [Yang et at., 1994;Gunther, 1993;Yang et at., 1999].…”

Section: Correction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias correction of daily precipitation measurements for Greenland

Yang¹,

Ishida²,

Goodison³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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119

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Abstract. A methodology for correcting the Hellmann gauge-measured daily precipitation for wind-induced undercatch, wetting loss, and trace amount of precipitation was presented and applied at 12 climate stations in Greenland for years 1994-1997. The results show the following: (1) daily corrections of the biases increase the gauge-measured annual precipitation by 35-280 mm for the 4 years (about 25-90% of the gauge-measured yearly total) in Greenland; (2) of the biases, wind-induced undercatch is the source of greatest error; wetting loss and trace amount of precipitation are also significant biases in the northern Greenland regions of low precipitation; (3) monthly correction factors (corrected/measured precipitation) differ by station and, at an individual station, by type of precipitation; (4) considerable intra-annual variation of the yearly corrections has been found in Greenland due to the fluctuation of wind speed, air temperature, and frequency of snowfall. These results suggest that annual precipitation in Greenland is much higher than previously reported, particularly in the southern regions of high precipitation; and the latitudinal precipitation gradient may also be greater over Greenland. These results will have a significant impact to water budget and glacier mass balance studies in Greenland.

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Section: Correction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias correction of daily precipitation measurements for Greenland

Yang¹,

Ishida²,

Goodison³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

119

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data set has not been corrected for the systematic measurement bias of rain gauges (e.g. Neff, 1977;Sevruk, 1985;Yang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Observational Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Future snowfall in the Alps: projections based on the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Twenty-first century snowfall changes over the European Alps are assessed based on high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) data made available through the EURO-CORDEX initiative. Fourteen different combinations of global and regional climate models with a target resolution of 12 km and two different emission scenarios are considered. As raw snowfall amounts are not provided by all RCMs, a newly developed method to separate snowfall from total precipitation based on near-surface temperature conditions and accounting for subgrid-scale topographic variability is employed. The evaluation of the simulated snowfall amounts against an observation-based reference indicates the ability of RCMs to capture the main characteristics of the snowfall seasonal cycle and its elevation dependency but also reveals considerable positive biases especially at high elevations. These biases can partly be removed by the application of a dedicated RCM bias adjustment that separately considers temperature and precipitation biases.Snowfall projections reveal a robust signal of decreasing snowfall amounts over most parts of the Alps for both emission scenarios. Domain and multi-model mean decreases in mean September-May snowfall by the end of the century amount to −25 and −45 % for representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Snowfall in low-lying areas in the Alpine forelands could be reduced by more than −80 %. These decreases are driven by the projected warming and are strongly connected to an important decrease in snowfall frequency and snowfall fraction and are also apparent for heavy snowfall events. In contrast, high-elevation regions could experience slight snowfall increases in midwinter for both emission scenarios despite the general decrease in the snowfall fraction. These increases in mean and heavy snowfall can be explained by a general increase in winter precipitation and by the fact that, with increasing temperatures, climatologically cold areas are shifted into a temperature interval which favours higher snowfall intensities. In general, percentage changes in snowfall indices are robust with respect to the RCM postprocessing strategy employed: similar results are obtained for raw, separated, and separated-bias-adjusted snowfall amounts. Absolute changes, however, can differ among these three methods.

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“…The WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Project has developed improved bias correction techniques for a number of precipitation gauges commonly used around the world ], such as the Canadian Nipher snow gauge [Goodison and Metcalfe, 1992], the United States National Weather Service (NWS) 8-inch standard gauge [Yang et al, 1998b], the Russian Tretyakov gauge [Yang et al, 1995], and the Hellmann gauges [Gunther, 1993; Allerup et al, 1997; Yang et al, 1999b]. Application of the WMO bias correction methods to the national precipitation data has resulted in significantly higher estimates of precipitation particularly in the high-latitude regions [Metcalfe et al, 1994;Yang et al, 1998aYang et al, , 1999aYang, 1999].…”

Section: Figure 1 (Top) Photos Of the World Meteorological Organizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gauge catch of precipitation depends on both the environmental factors and the precipitation features and can vary for each precipitation event Yang et al, 1995Yang et al, , 1998bYang et al, , 1999b. It is therefore desirable, if not essential, to examine the compatibility of Wyoming shielded gauge and DFIR records on a shorter timescale.…”

Section: Relationship Between Wyoming and Dfir Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%