Wind‐gust parametrizations at heights relevant for wind energy: a study based on mast observations

Suomi, Irene; Vihma, Timo; Gryning, Sven‐Erik; Fortelius, Carl

doi:10.1002/qj.2039

Cited by 43 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Stucki et al (2016) find little difference between diagnostics when applied to a 20th century WRF model reanalysis, again over Switzerland. Interest continues in developing better physically-based gust parametrisations (Cheng et al, 2012b;Suomi et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Current gust forecasting techniques, developments and challenges

Sheridan

2018

Adv. Sci. Res.

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Abstract.Gusts represent the component of wind most likely to be associated with serious hazards and structural damage, representing short-lived extremes within the spectrum of wind variation. Of interest both for short range forecasting and for climatological and risk studies, this is also reflected in the variety of methods used to predict gusts based on various static and dynamical factors of the landscape and atmosphere. The evolution of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models has delivered huge benefits from increasingly accurate forecasts of mean near-surface wind, with which gusts broadly scale. Techniques for forecasting gusts rely on parametrizations based on a physical understanding of boundary layer turbulence, applied to NWP model fields, or statistical models and machine learning approaches trained using observations, each of which brings advantages and disadvantages.Major shifts in the nature of the information available from NWP models are underway with the advent of ever-finer resolution and ensembles increasingly employed at the regional scale. Increases in the resolution of operational NWP models mean that phenomena traditionally posing a challenge for gust forecasting, such as convective cells, sting jets and mountain lee waves may now be at least partially represented in the model fields. This advance brings with it significant new questions and challenges, such as concerning: the ability of traditional gust prediction formulations to continue to perform as phenomena associated with gusty conditions become increasingly resolved; the extent to which differences in the behaviour of turbulence associated with each phenomenon need to be accommodated in future gust prediction methods. A similar challenge emerges from the increasing, but still partial resolution of terrain detail in NWP models; the speed-up of the mean wind over resolved hill tops may be realistic, but may have negative impacts on the performance of gust forecasting using current methods. The transition to probabilistic prediction using ensembles at the regional level means that considerations such as these must also be carried through to the aggregation and post-processing of ensemble members to produce the final forecast. These issues and their implications are discussed.Copyright statement. The works published in this journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This license does not affect the Crown copyright work, which is re-usable under the Open Government Licence (OGL). The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License and the OGL are interoperable and do not conflict with, reduce or limit each other.

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confidence: 99%

Current gust forecasting techniques, developments and challenges

Sheridan

2018

Adv. Sci. Res.

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“…they depend on the local turbulence conditions determined by the surface roughness and the static stability of the atmosphere (e.g. Suomi et al, 2013Suomi et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brasseur, 2001;Woetmann Nielsen and Petersen, 2001;Wichers Schreur and Geertsema, 2008). However, the measured gustiness at the reference height is not always representative of the surrounding area because of the spatial variation in the aerodynamic roughness of the surrounding environment, which can have a significant impact on wind gusts (Wieringa, 1973;Suomi et al, 2013Suomi et al, , 2015. Hence, a fair comparison of model gust forecasts and observations is challenging, because the roughness in the model grid cell may differ from the conditions at the measurement site (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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A new methodology is proposed for scaling Doppler lidar observations of wind gusts to make them comparable with those observed at a meteorological mast. Doppler lidars can then be used to measure wind gusts in regions and heights where traditional meteorological mast measurements are not available. This novel method also provides estimates for wind gusts at arbitrary gust durations, including those shorter than the temporal resolution of the Doppler lidar measurements. The input parameters for the scaling method are the measured wind-gust speed as well as the mean and standard deviation of the horizontal wind speed. The method was tested using WindCube V2 Doppler lidar measurements taken next to a 100 m high meteorological mast. It is shown that the method can provide realistic Doppler lidar estimates of the gust factor, i.e. the ratio of the wind-gust speed to the mean wind speed. The method reduced the bias in the Doppler lidar gust factors from 0.07 to 0.03 and can be improved further to reduce the bias by using a realistic estimate of turbulence. Wind gust measurements are often prone to outliers in the time series, because they represent the maximum of a (moving-averaged) horizontal wind speed. To assure the data quality in this study, we applied a filtering technique based on spike detection to remove possible outliers in the Doppler lidar data. We found that the spike detection-removal method clearly improved the wind-gust measurements, both with and without the scaling method. Spike detection also outperformed the traditional Doppler lidar quality assurance method based on carrier-to-noise ratio, by removing additional unrealistic outliers present in the time series.

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“…For example, Bierbooms and Drag (1999) or Suomi et al (2013) investigated wind fields to better understand the shape of wind gusts. Matthäus et al (2017) argued that a detailed understanding of wind fields is not necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of transient gusts on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine using the URANS solver THETA

Länger-Möller¹

2018

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract.A procedure to propagate longitudinal transient gusts through a flow field by using the resolved-gust approach is implemented in the URANS solver THETA. Both the gust strike of a 1 − cos() gust and an extreme operating gust following the IEC 61400-1 standard are investigated on the generic NREL 5 MW wind turbine at rated operating conditions. The impact of both gusts on pressure distributions, rotor thrust, rotor torque, and flow states on the blade are examined and quantified. The flow states on the rotor blade before the gust strike at maximum and minimum gust velocity are compared. An increased blade loading is detectable in the pressure coefficients and integrated blade loads. The friction force coefficients indicate the dynamic separation and reattachment of the flow during the gust. Moreover, a verification of the method is performed by comparing the rotor torque during the extreme operating gust to results of FAST rotor code.

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Wind‐gust parametrizations at heights relevant for wind energy: a study based on mast observations

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Current gust forecasting techniques, developments and challenges

Current gust forecasting techniques, developments and challenges

Untitled

Simulation of transient gusts on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine using the URANS solver THETA

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