Wind Erosion: Field Measurement And Analysis

Fryrear, D. W.; Stout, John E.; Hagen, L. J.; Vories, Earl D.

doi:10.13031/2013.31638

Cited by 99 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Field shape is generally a matter of preference and in some studies may not have practical significance. Circular fields have the advantage of symmetry, which can simplify the calculation of fetch distances (Fryrear et al, 1991). Use of circular fields facilitates tests of the effects of ridges on wind erosion; tilling in a circular pattern allows testing of the effects of ridges perpendicular to the wind direction from all wind directions.…”

Section: Field Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Zobeck

Sterk

Funk

et al. 2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

178

107

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Accurate and reliable methods of measuring windblown sediment are needed to confirm, validate, and improve erosion models, assess the intensity of aeolian processes and related damage, determine the source of pollutants, and for other applications. This paper outlines important principles to consider in conducting field-scale wind erosion studies and proposes strategies of field data collection for use in model validation and development. Detailed discussions include consideration of field characteristics, sediment sampling, and meteorological stations. The field shape used in field-scale wind erosion research is generally a matter of preference and in many studies may not have practical significance. Maintaining a clear nonerodible boundary is necessary to accurately determine erosion fetch distance. A field length of about 300 m may be needed in many situations to approach transport capacity for saltation flux in bare agricultural fields. Field surface conditions affect the wind profile and other processes such as sediment emission, transport, and deposition and soil erodibility. Knowledge of the temporal variation in surface conditions is necessary to understand aeolian processes. Temporal soil properties that impact aeolian processes include surface roughness, dry aggregate size distribution, dry aggregate stability, and crust characteristics. Use of a portable 2 tall anemometer tower should be considered to quantify variability of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness caused by surface conditions in field-scale studies. The types of samplers used for sampling aeolian sediment will vary depending upon the type of sediment to be measured. The Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) samplers appear to be the most popular for field studies of saltation. Suspension flux may be measured with commercially available instruments after modifications are made to ensure isokinetic conditions at high wind speeds. Meteorological measurements should include wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rain amount, soil temperature and moisture. Careful consideration of the climatic, sediment, and soil surface characteristics observed in future field-scale wind erosion studies will ensure maximum use of the data collected.

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Section: Field Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tillage has been used to stabilize fields using tillage ridges in some studies (Fryrear et al, 1991). However, the tillage ridges must be maintained in a rough, non-erodible condition so that previously eroded sediment is not blown back on the field when the wind direction changes.…”

Section: Field Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Zobeck

Sterk

Funk

et al. 2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

178

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(1), most published results suggest that the blown sand transport rate in saltation decays exponentially with height (Williams, 1964;Takeuchi, 1980;Greeley et al, 1983;Gerety and Slingerland, 1983;Anderson and Hallet, 1986;Wu, 1987;Fryrear et al, 1991;Fryrear and Saleh, 1993). Our results focus on sands greater than 0.1 mm in diameter and consequently, the effect of true suspension is negligible, as in many sand transport models (Bagnold, 1941;Greeley and Iversen, 1985).…”

Section: Variations Of the Mass Flux Of Blown Sand With Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the concentration profile of a blowing sand cloud

Dong

2004

Geomorphology

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“…Fryrear (1986) developed a field dust sampler and named it the Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE). Fryrear et al (1991) describe a set-up for wind erosion measurements on a circular field with a radius of 91 m. Using this set-up, wind erosion was measured at sites in five different states for the verification of WEPS (Fryrear, 1995). Sterk (1997) measured wind erosion on a rectangular field of 60 m by 40 m in Niger, West Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and simulation of wind erosion, roughness degradation and residue decomposition on an agricultural field

Donk

Skidmore

2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) includes submodels to simulate soil erosion by wind, roughness degradation and residue decomposition. These WEPS submodels were tested using data measured on a 600 m by 415 m farmer's field, planted with winter wheat, near Burlington, Colorado, USA. Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) samplers were used to measure wind blown sediment flux and automated devices (Sensits) detected saltating sediment. A weather station recorded relevant meteorological data. Detailed measurements of field surface conditions were taken on three dates. One significant dust storm occurred during the experimental period (November 2000 to April 2001). Spatial variability of sediment discharge was high. This could partially be explained by spatial differences in residue cover and mass, leaf area index, sand fraction and wetness of the surface soil.WEPS overestimated the ability of small wheat plants to protect the soil against wind erosion. A simulation without any wheat plants produced a large field sediment loss of 4·43 kg m −2, whereas a simulation with very small wheat plants (height = 10 mm, leaf area index = 0·1, stem area index = 0·01) produced no erosion. This component of WEPS is based on laboratory wind tunnel experiments with simulated standing biomass uniformly spaced on a flat surface. Wheat biomass in the field is not uniformly spaced. WEPS should be modified to account for these non-uniform realities.

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Wind Erosion: Field Measurement And Analysis

Cited by 99 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Experimental investigation of the concentration profile of a blowing sand cloud

Measurement and simulation of wind erosion, roughness degradation and residue decomposition on an agricultural field

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