Wind Energy in Colombia

Vergara, Walter; Deeb, Alejandro; Toba, Natsuko; Cramton, Peter; Leino, Irene; Benoit, P.

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8504-3

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its location, it is a privileged country in terms of RES. It has 1600 km of coast in the north facing the Caribbean Sea and 1300 km in the west bathed by the Pacific Ocean, which favors the generation of air currents suitable for the installation of wind generation systems [29]; furthermore, it is a country with a good amount of solar energy because of its location in the Tropical Belt-energy that can be used in solar generation systems [30].Colombia has an ever-growing energy demand and its electricity generation is almost based on hydropower with a 69.77% of the total capacity installed, followed by a generation based on fossil fuels with 29.00%, and the rest is a mix of different technologies (bagasse, biogas, solar, and wind) [31]. Due to a high dependence on the water resource, the Colombian's electricity network is vulnerable to weather changes, such as the droughts caused by the multi-year climate phenomenon known as El Niño [32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Image Processing-Based Method to Assess the Monthly Energetic Complementarity of Solar and Wind Energy in Colombia

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solar and wind energy systems, without storage, cannot satisfy variable load demands, but their combined use can help to solve the problem of the balance between generation and consumption. Energetic complementarity studies are useful to evaluate the viability of the use of two or more renewable energy sources with high variability in a specific interval of time in a determined region. In this paper, the monthly energetic complementarity study of solar and wind resources of Colombia is carried out. A novel approach to conduct the study is proposed. A dataset with the average monthly solar radiation and wind speed values is obtained from high-resolution images of renewable resources maps, using image processing algorithms. Then, the dataset is used to calculate the energetic complementarity of the sources employing the negative of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained values are transformed to energetic complementarity maps, previously eliminating the protected areas. The obtained results show that there is a good energetic complementarity in the north and northeastern regions of the country throughout the year. The results indicate that projects related to the joint use of solar and wind generation systems could be developed in these regions.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Image Processing-Based Method to Assess the Monthly Energetic Complementarity of Solar and Wind Energy in Colombia

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The estimated annual wind energy potential in the country is approximately 81.2 TWh and this could represent an installed capacity of up to 25 GW [31,33]. Most of the resource is located in the northern part of the country, especially in La Guajira region [14,35]. Here, the average wind speed at 80 meters above sea level is about 9 m/s [36].…”

Section: Wind Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, no previous study has estimated the RES penetration limit into the Colombian electric power system. Vergara et al [14] investigated the correlation between wind and hydro resources for future energy generation in the country. Gonzalez-Salazar et al [15] used LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) to evaluate the impact of bioenergy in future scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future Colombian energy system

Pupo-Roncallo

Campillo

Ingham

et al. 2019

Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diversification of the energy matrix, including larger shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), is a significant part of the Colombian energy strategy towards a sustainable and more secure energy system. Historically, the country has relied on the intensive use of hydropower and fossil fuels as the main energy sources. Colombia has a huge renewables potential, and therefore the exploration of different pathways for their integration is required. The aim of this study was to build a model for a country with a hydro dominated electric power system and analyse the impacts of integrated variable RES in long-term future scenarios. EnergyPLAN was the modelling tool employed for simulating the reference year and future alternatives. Initially, the reference model was validated, and successively five different scenarios were built. The results show that an increase in the shares of wind, solar and bioenergy could achieve an approximate reduction of 20% in both the CO2 emissions and the total fuel consumption of the country by 2030. Further, in the electricity sector the best-case scenario could allow an estimated 60% reduction in its emission intensity.

show abstract

“…However, they do not consider the possibility of selling carbon permits into an international market. Vergara et al (2010), on the other hand, look at the potential of wind power in Colombia. They conclude that although capital costs are expected to decrease and wind energy is highly complementary to Colombia's hydro regime, they see its expansion potential as limited because of different entry barriers.…”

Section: Understanding Climate Policy In the Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for Implementing a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System in Chile: Core Design Options and Policy Decision-Making Considerations

Kerr

Leining²,

Sefton

2012

Motu Working Paper

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motu and partners were contracted by the World Bank through its Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) initiative to Draft a proposal for the implementation in Chile of a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System (ETS). The specific objective in the terms of reference is to Propose a detailed roadmap, including its design elements, to inform decision-making for an advanced model of an ETS in Chile. This is one of a set of four related reports commissioned to assist the Chilean government in preparing its market readiness proposal (MRP) for submission to the World Bank. This report is the first step in a process that aims to clarify how an ETS could work in Chile and what the environmental, economic and social impacts would be. This process will allow the Chilean government and key stakeholders to assess, in a more informed way, whether an ETS would be desirable in Chile, as well as the optimal design of an ETS to achieve policy objectives and priorities. Given that Chile intends to move forward with a climate policy, an ETS presents several environmental, economic, and political advantages relative to other instruments, but also some challenges. This report addresses each of the core components of an ETS: sector coverage; point of obligation for regulated sectors; the level of ambition; linking to other markets and use of (domestic and international) offsets; emissions trading phases; and allocation of units. Cost containment, price stabilisation and potential use of border carbon adjustments are not covered in detail in this report. Design options are analysed from a largely conceptual basis, but drawing on lessons learned in operating schemes and taking account of Chiles national circumstances to the extent of available information, as well as highlighting critical points of divergence in scheme design depending on the underlying policy goals. The design options are brought together in a decision-making framework out of which we identify a smaller number of central options that appear to make the most sense for Chile. Each of the sections on core components identifies issues where Chile-specific research is needed to better inform key design decisions and technical implementation of the scheme ultimately chosen. Research needs for the next phase of policy development are discussed. We conclude with a high-level discussion of process going forward, both in terms of education and learning to enable an informed national debate, and in terms of developing broad (political, industry, and public) support for more serious consideration of an ETS as an option for Chile. Chile could have several overlapping objectives for an ETS: cost-effectively contributing to global emission reductions; lowering the carbon-footprint of Chiles exports in anticipation of potential trade restrictions against high-emitting countries and products; driving sustainable development including stimulation of new technology; profiting from sales of units to international buyers; generating co-benefits and avoiding perverse outcomes. The balance among objectives will affect design decisions so clarity about their relative weight and their implications for design is useful. There was a clear signal at the Durban climate change conference (2012) that at some point developing countries will be asked to have commitments. Chile will want to be prepared to respond to this. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading systems evolved out of domestic cap-and-trade systems that control local pollutants. If there were a global GHG agreement with a cap, Chile would simply be one entity within the global cap-and-trade market. Absent a global GHG agreement with a cap, every ETS is a compromise between a system that contributes cost-effectively to global emissions, and a system that protects local interests in an unstable and uncertain world. The greatest strength of emissions trading is that it encourages private actors to use their own knowledge and skill to find the best mitigation actions, including long-term investments. In a perfect world mitigation is done by the myriad of actors who can influence emissions, at the times and in the places where it is lowest cost. Even in an imperfect global market, if it is possible to link emissions markets across countries, linking facilitates cost-effective location of mitigation effort across countries by equalising prices across markets, and is likely to allow Chile to create a more ambitious system without imposing unacceptable costs on its economy as a whole. In the current imperfect world, with an uncertain long-term price and short-term prices that could be quite different from the long-term price, simply linking to the international price without further price stabilisation measures would impose risk and volatility on Chile and would not necessarily move it effectively toward a low-carbon economy. Linking to other ETS (as a seller) may also not be feasible in the near term, since the international market rules post-2012 are still under negotiation in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and bilateral agreements outside this framework are still evolving; linking in order to sell units can be a complex process. However, an ETS can benefit Chile even before international ETS linking is possible. It could facilitate financing for a highly credible Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) or through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+); send a regulatory and price signal that influences long-lived investment decisions and stimulates new technology development, thus placing Chile on a lower-emission sustainable development pathway; establish Chile as a leader; avoid any negative emissions-related trade repercussions from other countries; generate in-country revenue that can support government policy objectives; and produce additional environmental, economic, and social co-benefits. As international pressure builds for more ambitious global mitigation, Chile will be better prepared to contribute to international climate change agreements and compete effectively in a carbon-constrained global economy. In a world with an agreed global cap-and-trade system, there would be much work involved in designing and negotiating that system, but the domestic implementation would then follow. In our present situation, design involves a series of compromises essentially domestic negotiations in terms of the domestic cap, international linking and price control and stabilisation and protection against leakage. The aims when making these compromises are to achieve credibility of emissions reduction effort, a level of carbon price that Chile is comfortable with, and an acceptable overall impact on the Chilean economy. This tension from these compromises arises in each section below. Each offers one or more proposals for specific design decisions. Our final prototype draws on the design considerations specific to each section, and creates a package of coordinated compromises across issues. These are not recommendations but sensible options to consider as starting places for further analysis and discussion among government, researchers, and stakeholders.

show abstract

Wind Energy in Colombia

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

An Image Processing-Based Method to Assess the Monthly Energetic Complementarity of Solar and Wind Energy in Colombia

An Image Processing-Based Method to Assess the Monthly Energetic Complementarity of Solar and Wind Energy in Colombia

Large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future Colombian energy system

Roadmap for Implementing a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System in Chile: Core Design Options and Policy Decision-Making Considerations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About