Wind Energy Costs in Puerto Rico Through 2035

El Estudio de Resiliencia de la Red Electrica de Puerto Rico y Transiciones a Energia 100% Renovable (PR100): Informe Final

“…Aplicamos un postprocesamiento a los resultados de WRF para incluir el perfil del viento y otras variables atmosféricas con un formato compatible con modelos de entrega al usuario final. Los datos de recursos eólicos de 20 años (2001-2020) se han puesto a disposición del público a través del NREL y han servido como base para examinar los costos de la energía eólica para Puerto Rico (Duffy et al 2022).…”

Great Lakes Wind Energy Challenges and Opportunities Assessment

“…Summary of cost modeling process in NRWAL. Image based on Beiter et al (2016, 2020) BOS = balance of system; FLORIS = FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady StateThe methodology outlined in the following sections is consistent with NREL's recent offshore wind energy cost assessments in New York State, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Oregon, and California (NYSERDA 2022a;Duffy et al 2022;Shields et al 2022; Musial et al 2021;Beiter et al 2020).Note that this assessment presents unsubsidized LCOE values without policy incentives. Costs associated with bulk power system upgrades, which may be required to interconnect large generation projects, are also not included.…”

“…The real and nominal FCR values of 5.82% and 7.64% are used in calculating LCOE, and results are presented in nominal terms, meaning that effects of inflation between the commercial operation date year and end of the project life are ignored. These financing terms are calculated in line with recent updates in Duffy et al (2022) and have been informed by literature and updated based on conversations with industry partners (Feldman, Bolinger, and Schwabe 2020;NREL 2022a;Guillet 2018). A summary of the parameters used to calculate FCR is presented in Table 8, and a more detailed description of each term can be found in Beiter et al (2016).…”

“…We used the FORCE model to implement a learning-curve-based cost projection methodology developed byBeiter et al (2020) and summarized inDuffy et al (2022) to estimate future Great Lakes wind energy costs. Future costs are calculated by combining cost reductions resulting from supply chain learning, technological innovations, economies of scale, and investment with baseline cost estimates obtained with reV and NRWAL.…”

“…This process requires estimating global offshore wind energy deployment in specific future years. For this analysis, we assumed the same levels of deployment used inDuffy et al (2022) (Table9).…”