Wind energy assessment for NEOM city, Saudi Arabia

Several studies have been reported for optimal operation of electrical railway systems (ERSs). However, the stochastic energy management of ERSs, including renewable energy resources (RERs), has received less attention. The RERs’ uncertainties might affect the ERSs. On the other hand, the calculation time of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)‐based approaches is an essential challenge, which should be solved, particularly in real‐time decisions and recursive optimization problems. Thus, it is crucial to study the ERSs' stochastic behaviors and uncertainties, including RERs. This paper tries to overcome the discussed concerns and challenges by proposing a novel ERS’s optimal stochastic energy management using clustering algorithms. In this paper, the backward scenario reduction algorithm has been used. In addition, regenerative braking energy (RBE) and energy management systems (ESSs) have been studied. Studying the impacts of changes in the number of passengers on the optimized operation of ERSs and investigating the interaction between the utility grid and the ERS are other contributions of this research. The proposed method is applied to an actual test system of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (TUSROC). Test results are validated by comparing with available MCS‐based methods. Simulation results illustrate the accuracy and computation time advantages of the proposed method. Simulation results illustrate that <0.6% inaccuracy appears in the proposed method, while it would be 500 times faster than MCS‐based ones. The comparative test results show the advantages of the introduced method.

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“…The probabilistic nature of wind speed could be modeled with Weibull PDF, as shown in () 53,59,60

f_{t}^{normalv} (v) = \frac{k_{t}}{c_{t}} \cdot {()(, \frac{k_{t}}{c_{t}})}^{k_{t} ‐ 1} \cdot \exp (‐ {()(, \frac{v_{t}}{c_{t}})}^{k_{t} ‐ 1}) for c_{t} > 1 and k_{t} > 0

where v is the wind speed of the t ‐th time interval, and the parameters of Weibull PDF ( c , k ) could be calculated by () and (28) 47,61 .…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal stochastic energy management of electrical railway systems considering renewable energy resources' uncertainties and interactions with utility grid

Ehteshami

Hashemi‐Dezaki

Javadi

2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…[9]. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia has tremendous wind and sun, and these technologies are considered among the best in the world [69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. Nevertheless, Saudi WD-PP and SL-PP prices will be at the low end of the global price range.…”

Section: Scenario II (Rehabilitation Of Existing Pps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Optimal Strategy to Adopt Nuclear Power Plants into Saudi Arabian Energy System Using MESSAGE Tool

Esmail

Cheong

2021

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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An optimal long-term electric power strategy for Saudi Arabia to adopt nuclear power was evaluated using the MESSAGE tool. Saudi Arabia is predicted to experience an electricity shortage by 2025 with the present energy system. This electricity shortage could be postponed until 2035 by rehabilitating the existing power plants. The MESSAGE model predicts that adopting a combination of renewable (i.e., solar and wind), advanced traditional power (i.e., gas turbine, steam, and combined cycle), and nuclear technologies is the most competitive future strategy to supply 43.7%, 41.6%, and 3.8%, respectively, of Saudi Arabia’s electricity needs by 2050. This paper proposes an optimal strategy for adopting nuclear power. The nuclear capacity of three scenarios was evaluated: a single APR-1400 nuclear reactor, a single SMART-100 nuclear reactor, and a combination of these two reactors. The results of this study indicate that the highest nuclear capacity was achieved by the combination of the APR-1400 and SMART-100 reactors followed by the single APR-1400 reactor and then the single SMART-100 reactor. However, the single G4ECONS nuclear reactor shows a higher capacity than the single APR-1400 reactor in other evaluated scenarios. The combined reactor strategy may be the most feasible option if the capital cost of a first-of-a-kind SMART-100 reactor is reduced by 62.3%. The cost reductions result from including factors like the time required to build the nuclear power plants in the MESSAGE tool calculation. Also, CO2 taxation will increase nuclear power’s feasibility in the Saudi Arabian energy system. However, the share of renewable energy is predicted to be more affected by the taxation of CO2. In this study, the proposed approach can provide more flexible strategic options for countries embarking on nuclear energy. These flexible strategic options can optimize their national energy mix for long-term planning.

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“…Several works have promoted the high wind potential of this region, which is characterized by high speed and slightly variable winds over the whole year. A thorough case study has been conducted in [15], where a WF made of a hundred identical WTs (each one with rated power of 3.2 MW) has been proved to be profitable even without any government subsidy. WTBSs would be thus an effective solution for limiting the visual impact on NEOM's landscape, especially given its goal of preserving 95% of its natural resources (note also that off-shore WTs have a positive impact on sea life).…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Wind-Turbine-Mounted Base Stations to Enhance Rural Connectivity

2021

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Despite global connectivity is one of the main requirements for future generations of wireless networks driven by the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), telecommunication (telecom) providers are economically discouraged from investing in sparsely populated areas, such as rural and remote ones. Novel affordable and sustainable paradigms are thus indispensable to enhance the cellular infrastructure in such areas and bridge the digital divide when compared with urban ones. We investigate the use of wind turbine-mounted base stations (WTBSs) as a cost-effective solution for regions with high wind energy potential, since it could replace or even outperform current solutions requiring additional cell towers (CTs), satellites, or aerial base stations (ABSs). Indeed, conveniently installing base station (BS) equipment on wind generators would allow the transceivers to reach sufficient altitudes and easily establish line-of-sight (LoS) channels within large areas. We also propose insightful simulation results for realistic case studies based on data sets for wind speed and population densities as well as wind turbines' (WTs') and CTs' locations within specific Argentine and Ethiopian exurban regions. By doing this, we hope to prove the feasibility and the effectiveness of this solution and stimulate its implementation.

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Wind energy assessment for NEOM city, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Optimal stochastic energy management of electrical railway systems considering renewable energy resources' uncertainties and interactions with utility grid

Optimal stochastic energy management of electrical railway systems considering renewable energy resources' uncertainties and interactions with utility grid

Studies on Optimal Strategy to Adopt Nuclear Power Plants into Saudi Arabian Energy System Using MESSAGE Tool

Exploiting Wind-Turbine-Mounted Base Stations to Enhance Rural Connectivity

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