Wind-driven rain incidence parameters obtained by hygrothermal simulation

Abstract

The association of rain and wind composes wind-driven rain (WDR), and its incidence may be crucial to the emergence of anomalies on the facades of buildings. Moisture from the WDR can influence the humidification and drying process, therefore the durability and hygrothermal performance are conditioned by the amount of incident water. The quantification of WDR can be an indispensable tool for understanding its related phenomena and the service life of buildings. The most widely used methods of quantification are the semi-empirical, with theoretical basis, but coefficients partially determined from measurements. These methods may take into account the building exposure conditions related to the envelope, solar orientation, height of the building, and other parameters. In this context, in order to contribute to the studies on quantification of WDR, the purpose of this paper is to apply hygrothermal simulation software WUFI Ò on quantification of WDR focusing on buildings degradation of Brasília-Brazil. For the simulation it was used a Typical Meteorological Year file with the wind and precipitation measurement data indispensable for simulation. The quantification of incidence of WDR considered the orientations North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, and Northwest. The use of semi-empirical WUFI Ò quantification method allowed finding the highest values and consequently critical orientations North, Northwest, and Northeast, moreover, this results showed the relation with the degradation of facades in these orientations. WUFI proved to be an easy, fast and efficient method of WDR quantification, without hiding seasonal weather effects.

Thermal renders for traditional and historic masonry walls: Comparative study and recommendations for hygric compatibility

“…is the coefficient dependent on the vertical distance of the component from the ground (R2 = 0.07 up to 10 m of height [66]), V [m/s] is the average hourly wind speed at 10 m height, and ψ [ • ] is the angle between the wind direction and the normal to the façade. The WDR data are displayed in Fig.…”

Degradation Assessment of Natural Stone Claddings over Their Service Life: Comparison between Tehran (Iran) and Lisbon (Portugal)

“…The literature review on the degradation of building façades reveals that moisture is one of the main factors for materials' deterioration [51]. Wind and solar radiation are responsible factors for moisture settling on the façade and are variable in accordance with the geographical orientation [52]; hence, an analysis of the degradation curves according to the claddings' orientation seems relevant for the analysis of the degradation over time of stone claddings, and they are illustrated in Figure 14. According to Gaspar and de Brito [14], regarding the rate of the erosion process according to the façades' orientation, the authors concluded that north and west are the most critical orientations in Portugal.…”

Durability of Thermal Renders with Lightweight and Thermal Insulating Aggregates: Regranulated Expanded Cork, Silica Aerogel and Expanded Polystyrene

“…External renders are critical in the construction as they are the first barrier to degradation agents and play an important role in water-tightness, thermal insulation, masonry, and structure protection by exerting a decisive influence on their durability [1,2]. However, over time, renders suffer a gradual reduction in their performance in terms of their protective characteristics due to climate agents of degradation [2][3][4][5][6].…”