Wind characteristics in wind farms situated on a hilly terrain

Kozmar, Hrvoje; Allori, Davide; Bartoli, Gianni; Borri, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2018.01.008

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An attempt was also made to distinguish between the effects of parked wind turbines and hill orography on the wind characteristics over a complex terrain. This analysis complements previous findings concerning the wind characteristics related to wind turbines standing alone, 7,8 those embedded in wind farms, 9 and other aerodynamic aspects of parked wind turbines, Xu and Ishihara, 10 Shirzadeh et al, 11 and Tang et al 12 …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of parked wind turbines on wind flow and turbulence over a complex terrain

2021

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Wind‐tunnel experiments were performed to study the wind characteristics on a parked wind turbine downwind of three types of hill and over a flat terrain. The focus of the study is on comparing wind characteristics on (a) a wind turbine standing alone and (b) this same type of wind turbine embedded in a wind farm. Particular emphasis is placed on the hill size and shape and the distance between the hill and the wind farm. The hill and wind‐farm models were subjected to an atmospheric boundary layer simulation to create realistic atmospheric conditions. Flow and turbulence were analyzed based on the measured mean flow velocity, Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensity, and the power spectral density of velocity fluctuations. The experimental results reveal similar trends concerning (a) the wind characteristics obtained on a parked wind turbine embedded in a wind farm downwind of hills of various sizes and shapes and (b) the wind characteristics on this same type of parked wind turbine standing alone in the same position downwind of the same hills. In particular, the discrepancies in the mean flow velocity and turbulence intensity between these test cases are mostly below 5%, thus indicating that a complex terrain clearly has a dominant effect on the wind characteristics, while the effects of parked wind turbines on the wind characteristics are negligible. This important finding indicates that the structural loading of parked wind turbines situated on a complex terrain may be well calculated using the same procedures both for wind turbines standing alone and wind turbines embedded in wind farms if they are both placed at the same distance downwind of the same hills.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of parked wind turbines on wind flow and turbulence over a complex terrain

2021

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“…As the turbulence in the wake may affect the fatigue loading of downwind turbines within the wind farm, e.g. Kozmar et al [3], this issue needs to be carefully investigated when designing a wind farm layout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Characteristics in the Wake of a Non-Rotating Wind Turbine close to a Hill

Kozmar

Allori

Bartoli

et al. 2019

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Hilly terrain may considerably influence energy yield and structural loading of wind turbines. Wind energy developers are therefore required to accurately predict wind characteristics at the wind farm site already in the designing phase. It is necessary to determine how particular hill shape and size affect wind characteristics at the location of wind turbines operating in the wake of a hill. In order to address this complex issue, small-scale laboratory experiments were carried out in a boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT). The focus was on characteristics of the flow at the same position downstream of the hill and the wind turbine models studied on various sizes and shapes of the hill model. Three hill models (a small and a large hill with laterally uniform heights and a hill with a bay) were exposed to the thermally neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) simulation. In each experiment, there was only one hill model in the BLWT test section. The configuration without the hill, i.e. the flat terrain model, was tested as a reference case. Downstream of the hill model, there was a single (alone-standing) wind turbine model. Flow characteristics were studied downstream (behind) the wind turbine model. The wind turbine model was in the parking position in order to study wind characteristics in the situation with a strong wind when there is no rotation of rotor blades. The experimental results indicate a velocity decrease and stronger turbulence in the wind turbine wake in the presence of a hill, which trend is more pronounced in the case of larger hills. Strong velocity gradients are observed around the hub height in the large hill configuration, while this velocity deficit is the smallest in the hill with a bay configuration due to flow channeling. The velocity power spectra reveal the characteristic peak due to the vortex shedding from the hill ridge. The obtained results provide a new insight into the turbulent wake characteristics of a single wind turbine placed downstream of a hill with a potential to serve as a validation tool for computational studies.

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“…Iowa State University 3 [19] City University of Hong Kong 3 [20] ABRI, National Cheng Kung University 3 [21] DAA, National Cheng Kung University 3 [22] North China Electric Power University 3 [23] Portland State University 2 [24] Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2 [25] Technion Flow Control Lab 2 [26] TU Delft 2 [27] Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics 1 [28] China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center 1 [29] IET, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 [30] Inter-University Research Centre on Building Aerodynamics and Wind Engineering 1 [31] Technical University of Denmark 1 [6] Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 [32] Iowa State University, Icing Wind Tunnel 1 [33] WiST Lab, Iowa State University 1 [34] Von Karman Institute 1 [35] Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University 1 [36] Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) 1 [37] Politecnico di Milano, "Sergio De Ponte" Wind Tunnel 1 [38] Kyushu University, Open Circuit Wind Tunnel 1 [39] TU Delft, Open Jet Facility 1 [40] University of Liege 1 [41] University of Oldemburg 1 [42] Vrije Universiteit Brussel 1 [35] Revisión de la investigación en los túneles principales Túnel de viento de sección abierta, Mie University…”

Section: Instalación Apariciones Referenciamentioning

confidence: 99%

Principales túneles de viento en la investigación sobre energía eólica alrededor del mundo

Fallas-Hernández

Padilla-Barrientos

Richmond-Navarro

et al. 2022

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Se presenta una revisión de literatura de los túneles de viento con mayor relevancia en la investigación sobre energía eólica. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos de Web of Science (WoS) en la que se obtuvieron 93 artículos que fueron filtrados para el periodo 2016-2020 y mediante distintos criterios de relevancia. Los artículos permitieron identificar 34 túneles alrededor del mundo. Se seleccionaron los ocho túneles de viento con mayor volumen de publicación y se presentan los estudios realizados en estos. Los principales temas encontrados en la revisión tratan sobre turbinas de eje horizontal y vertical, estelas, perfiles aerodinámicos y recurso eólico. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo servir de referencia para los investigadores en energía eólica que requieren realizar experimentos en túneles de viento.

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Wind characteristics in wind farms situated on a hilly terrain

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of parked wind turbines on wind flow and turbulence over a complex terrain

The effect of parked wind turbines on wind flow and turbulence over a complex terrain

Wind Characteristics in the Wake of a Non-Rotating Wind Turbine close to a Hill

Principales túneles de viento en la investigación sobre energía eólica alrededor del mundo

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