Wind-borne sand mass flux in vegetated surfaces – Wind tunnel experiments with live plants

Miri, Abbas; Dragovich, Deirdre; Dong, Zhibao

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.006

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Low TSP concentrations measured by E‐samplers at heights of 0.04 and 0.06 m may be due to intercepted atmospheric flow near the surface by residue elements or reduced shear stress on the surface on the lee side of plants (Okin, ). Our results are somewhat similar to those of Burri et al () and Miri et al () who found that horizontal sediment flux did not always decrease with height and that maximum horizontal sediment flux occurred at approximately twice the canopy height.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Michels, Sivakumar, and Allison () indicated 2000 kg ha −1 of millet stover significantly reduced soil flux above the ground. Burri et al () and Miri, Dragovich, and Dong () indicated that vegetation influenced the vertical distribution of sediment as horizontal sediment flux did not always decrease with height above the surface. They found maximum horizontal sediment flux did not always occur near the soil surface but at approximately twice the canopy height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inlets (1 cm in diameter) of E-samplers were mounted at heights of 0.04, 0.06, 0.1, and 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3 m above the soil surface immediately downwind of the soil tray. This placement allowed for monitoring a logarithmic vertical distribution of sediment which typically occurs above vegetated surfaces(Burri et al, 2011;Miri et al, 2019). At the entrance of the working section of the tunnel, an E-sampler was installed to measure background TSP dust concentration.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Threshold friction velocities influenced by standing crop residue in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Huggins

Sharratt

2020

Land Degrad Dev

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Crop residue is an important factor affecting soil wind erosion. Few studies have tested the effects of crop residue on threshold friction velocities (U*t) which not only controls the initiation of wind erosion events but also the frequency and intensity of erosion events and thus the rate of land degradation. This study measured the threshold friction velocity (U*t) and aerodynamic roughness length (Z 0) in the pres

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Threshold friction velocities influenced by standing crop residue in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Huggins

Sharratt

2020

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Grazing influences land use in arid and semiarid lands in various ways, ranging from changing vegetation structure to inducing land degradation [1,2]. Grazing influences vegetation by modifying individual growth, varying species abundance, and changing population dynamics [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Effects of Grazing on Wind-Dispersed Elm Seeds in Sparse Woodlands of Northern China

Sun

2020

Land

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Grazing leads to the reduction of biomass and plays a critical role in land degradation in arid and semiarid lands. However, the indirect effects of grazing on the ecosystem, e.g., the effect on seed dispersal, have not been well understood. In this study, we built an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate how grazing intensity affects the seed dispersal of elm trees, one of the native vegetation species of temperate woodlands in semiarid lands. The simulated results from the ABM and observed data from the real world were compared to assess the accuracy and validity of the ABM. The results show that elm seed densities in non-grazing, light, moderate, and heavy grazing lands were 74.97 ± 1.44, 57.63 ± 0.89, 37.73 ± 0.95, and 0.97 ± 0.05 seeds m−2, respectively—an apparently decreasing trend. Moreover, as grazing intensity increased, the values of nugget, sill, and partial sill decreased and the value of the ratio of nugget to sill increased. This study indicates that the grazing indirectly leads to the reduction of elm seed density and the increase of spatial heterogeneity of elm seed on the ground in sparse elm woodlands. Moreover, values of geostatistical indices from the ABM were not significantly different from field observation data except for the ratio of nugget to sill. It shows that ABMs can reasonably replicate the spatial pattern of elm seed densities in the field and thus are useful for simulating long-distance seed dispersal in sandy lands. This finding suggests that the indirect effects of grazing should be considered to effectively protect sparse elm woodlands.

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“…Through wind tunnel simulation experiments, Bagnold also found that roughness is about 1/30 the average height of the surface when there is no sand movement, which is a relationship that can be used to easily calculate different underlying surfaces [17]. Since then, roughness has been widely used to indicate the anti-wind erosion ability of a surface and, thus, the effect of protective measures [18,19,20]. However, it is accepted that caution should be applied when using surface roughness for these applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Boundary Layer Displacement Thickness in Wind Erosion Protection Evaluation: Case Study of a Salix psammophila Sand Barrier

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Since the establishment of blown sand physics, surface roughness has been widely used in current research to indicate the ability of a surface to resist wind erosion and to evaluate the windproof effect of protective measures. However, since the calculation of surface roughness can result in different values and its applicability is poor, there are disadvantages to its use. Therefore, it is proposed that the boundary layer displacement thickness should be used rather than roughness as an indicator to solve such problems. To analyze the new indicator’s accuracy and applicability when evaluating the effect of protective measures, a wind tunnel simulation experiment on a typical mechanical protection measure commonly used for sand control in China was conducted. Indicators of roughness and boundary layer displacement thickness were compared in evaluating the windproof performance of a Salix psammophila sand barrier of differing heights, side lengths, and porosities. The wind speed acceleration rate and effective protection area, which can directly reflect the protective effect of a sand barrier, were analyzed as evaluation criteria. The results show that roughness can only reflect the influence of height on the windbreak effect of sand barriers, whereas the boundary layer displacement thickness accurately showed the influence of height, side length, and porosity on the windproof effect of the sand barriers. Compared with roughness, the boundary layer displacement thickness was more strongly correlated with the effective protection area. Therefore, the boundary layer displacement thickness, rather than roughness, should be used as a new indicator when evaluating the windproof effect of protective measures.

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Wind-borne sand mass flux in vegetated surfaces – Wind tunnel experiments with live plants

Cited by 40 publications

References 102 publications

Threshold friction velocities influenced by standing crop residue in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Threshold friction velocities influenced by standing crop residue in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Indirect Effects of Grazing on Wind-Dispersed Elm Seeds in Sparse Woodlands of Northern China

Application of Boundary Layer Displacement Thickness in Wind Erosion Protection Evaluation: Case Study of a Salix psammophila Sand Barrier

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