Wind-Blown Mosquitoes and Introduction of Japanese Encephalitis into Australia

Ritchie, Scott A.; Rochester, Wayne

doi:10.3201/eid0705.017524

Cited by 130 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mosquitoes could also be involved in long distance transport of the virus. When JEV spread into northern Australia in 1995, mosquitoes were suspected to be JEV carriers (Ritchie & Rochester, 2001;Chapman et al, 2003) because population structure analysis of mosquitoes revealed that windblown Culex annulirostris and Culex palpalis were moving between Papua New Guinea and Cape York, northern Australia, over the Torres Strait (Chapman et al, 2003;Hanna et al, 1996;Hemmerter et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of frequent introductions of Japanese encephalitis virus from south-east Asia and continental east Asia to Japan

Nabeshima

Loan

Inoue

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulating in Japan consists of viruses with multiple phylogenetic origins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that some JEV strains have recently migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries. One phylogenetic subcluster of the JEV strains circulating in Japan was closely related to viruses isolated in Vietnam and China's inland region while other JEV subclusters were related to viruses isolated in Shanghai, China. One virus subcluster, however, was isolated solely in Japan and was not found in any other Asian country. Therefore, our data suggests that the JEVs that have remained or are circulating in Japan include a mixture of viruses that have previously migrated from south-east and continental east Asian countries.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of frequent introductions of Japanese encephalitis virus from south-east Asia and continental east Asia to Japan

Nabeshima

Loan

Inoue

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…For several diseases, it has been suggested that wind-blown insect vectors could have been responsible for the spread of the virus to previously unaffected areas (61), such as the entry of BT into Europe (62) and Australia (63) and of JE into Australia (64). Wind-spread models have been developed to model such dispersions and may be used to identify areas at risk of arboviral incursion due to windborne insects (65,66,67).…”

Section: Participatory Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance methods for vector-borne diseases

Thompson¹,

Etter²

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryCompared with many other diseases, the ever-increasing threat of vectorborne diseases (VBDs) represents a great challenge to public and animal health managers. Complex life cycles, changing distribution ranges, a variety of potential vectors and hosts, and the possible role of reservoirs make surveillance for VBDs a grave concern in a changing environment with increasing economic constraints. Surveillance activities may have various specific objectives and may focus on clinical disease, pathogens, vectors, hosts and/or reservoirs, but ultimately such activities should improve our ability to predict, prevent and/or control the diseases concerned. This paper briefly reviews existing and newly developed tools for the surveillance of VBDs. A range of examples, by no means exhaustive, illustrates that VBD surveillance usually involves a combination of methods to achieve its aims, and is best accomplished when these techniques are adapted to the specific environment and constraints of the region. More so than any other diseases, VBDs respect no administrative boundaries; in addition, animal, human and commodity movements are increasing dramatically, with illegal or unknown movements difficult to quantify. Vector-borne disease surveillance therefore becomes a serious issue for local and national organisations and is being conducted more and more at the regional and international level through multidisciplinary networks. With economic and logistical constraints, tools for optimising and evaluating the performance of surveillance systems are essential and examples of recent developments in this area are included. The continuous development of mapping, analytical and modelling tools provides us with an enhanced ability to interpret, visualise and communicate surveillance results. This review also demonstrates the importance of the link between surveillance and research, with interactions and benefits in both directions.

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“…Putatively, the introduced genotype I originated from Southeast Asia (Nabeshima et al, 2009;Nga et al, 2004); which has been an important region for emerging pathogens (Solomon et al, 2003). Wind-blown infected mosquitoes flying with air currents during the typhoon season supposedly played a role in the geographic expansion (Ritchie & Rochester, 2001). Fig.…”

Section: Origin and Genetic Diversity Of The Jevmentioning

confidence: 99%