Wilshire Grand: Outrigger Designs and Details for a Highly Seismic Site

Joseph, Leonard M.; Gulec, C. Kerem; Schwaiger, Justin M.

doi:10.21022/ijhrb.2016.5.1.1

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…A similar design principle was used for the 335-m 73-story Wilshire Grand Center in Los Angles, another supertall building in a high seismic zone. Instead of steel-plate fuse links or VCDs, buckling restrained braces were used for diagonal members of the steel outrigger trusses in this building [45]. Buckling-restrained braces are designed to remain elastic under service loads and yield to absorb seismic energy during severe earthquakes.…”

Section: Adaptability Of Core-outrigger Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants

Ali

Moon

2018

Buildings

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New developments of tall buildings of ever-growing heights have been continuously taking place worldwide. Consequently, many innovations in structural systems have emerged. This paper presents a retrospective survey of the main structural systems for tall buildings with emphasis on the advancements of recent, emerging, and potentially emerging systems. A structural systems chart that was previously developed by the authors has been updated in this paper to recognize, categorize and add the more recent structural systems. Recent trends of tubular structural systems in modified forms including the braced megatubes and diagrids are presented. Core-outrigger structural systems are discussed with emphasis on their adaptability. The potential of employing superframes for stand-alone and conjoined megatall buildings is predicted. As a means to solve today's various project-specific complex design requirements, different mixed structural systems for supertall and megatall buildings are presented. This paper also discusses the widespread application of composite structural systems and recent trends of concrete cores for contemporary tall buildings. Finally, the future of tall buildings is predicted as the race for height continues.

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Section: Adaptability Of Core-outrigger Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants

Ali

Moon

2018

Buildings

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“…Tall buildings [ 1–3 ] and long‐span spatial structures [ 4 ] (Figure 1a) in high seismic zones frequently employ buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) as seismic energy‐dissipation devices. These applications typically require long BRBs with 10–20 m workpoint lengths ( L wp ), which are difficult to test at full scale, while even longer BRBs have been employed as nominally elastic braces to limit the column and beam demands, rather than as primary energy‐dissipation members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher‐mode buckling and friction in long and large‐scale buckling‐restrained braces

Sitler

Takeuchi

2020

Structural Design Tall Build

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Summary Buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) are widely used as energy‐dissipation members in seismic areas, and BRBs with 10–20 m workpoint lengths have been applied in practice, particularly in tall buildings and spatial structures. This paper investigates the adverse effects of the core yield length on the compressive overstrength factor, local compressive and tensile strains, and fatigue demands. Sets of 2D shell and 3D solid models were analyzed using Abaqus, considering core yield lengths of up to 14 m and LY100, LY225, SN400B, SN490B, SA440B, and SA700 steel grades. Higher‐mode buckling and friction were shown to significantly amplify the compressive strain at the core ends and tensile strain at midspan, in part due to cyclic strain ratcheting, introducing the potential for core binding and premature necking. From these results, simple equations were proposed to calculate the compressive overstrength factor and to select the larger strong axis debonding gap and smaller design strain required for long BRBs.

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“…The compressive demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR) of the perimeter column in the first story is 0.35. Therefore, the value of k c is 309 375 kN/m, and the outrigger effect factor S cc07 of 2.55 can be calculated from Equation (10). The design details and the seismic performance of each configuration are introduced in the following sections.…”

Section: Introduction Of Example Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic performance of buckling‐restrained brace outrigger system in various configurations

Lin

Takeuchi

2019

Japan Architectural Review

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The outrigger system is deemed an effective solution for mitigating the seismic responses of tall core‐tube‐type buildings. By incorporating a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) in the outrigger system (BRB‐outrigger), the BRB‐outrigger reduces seismic response not only through the outrigger mechanism but also through the seismic energy dissipation from the BRB’s hysteretic response. This study investigates the seismic behavior of structures with a single layer BRB‐outrigger and proposes three types of BRB‐outrigger configurations for practical design purposes that fit different architectural requirements. An analytical model, with heights of 64, 128, 256, and 384 m and different outrigger spans was used to investigate the optimal outrigger elevation and required outrigger stiffness for achieving minimum seismic response using spectral analysis and nonlinear response history analysis. The design indexes and design charts based on the analysis results are proposed for preliminary design. Design examples of structures with different BRB‐outrigger configurations utilizing the proposed design charts are demonstrated.

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Wilshire Grand: Outrigger Designs and Details for a Highly Seismic Site

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants

Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants

Higher‐mode buckling and friction in long and large‐scale buckling‐restrained braces

Seismic performance of buckling‐restrained brace outrigger system in various configurations

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