Willingness to pay for social health insurance and its associated factors among public servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Kokebie, Melkamu Ayalew; Abdo, Ziyad Ahmed; Mohamed, Shikur; Leulseged, Belayneh

doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08304-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The motivation behind this interest could be the fact that health professionals felt that the government should pay for their medical bills or that they should not be expected to pay for the healthcare that they provide to others. 27 According to this study, WTP was significantly associated with gender, monthly income, and the presence of children under the age of five. In line with a study done in Nigeria, men participants were 57.4% more likely to be willing to pay than female ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance Among Health Care Professionals in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Girmaw

Adane

Kassaw

et al. 2023

CEOR

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Background: Ethiopia introduced a social health insurance (SHI) scheme for the formal sector that will cost 3% of the monthly salary as a premium and provide universal health coverage. Since health care professionals (HCP) are the primary front-line service providers, their willingness to pay (WTP) for SHI may have a direct or indirect impact on how the programme is implemented. However, little is known about WTP for SHI among HCP. Objective: To assess WTP for SHI and associated factors among government employee HCP in the North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: Using the contingent valuation method, a mixed approach and cross-sectional study design were applied. For the qualitative study design, in-depth interviews were performed with focal persons and officers of health insurance. Multistage systematic random sampling was used to select 636 healthcare professionals. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of WTP for SHI. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A response rate of 92.45% was achieved among the 636 participants, with 588 healthcare professionals completing the interview. The majority (61.7%) of participants were willing to join and pay the suggested SHI premium. Participants' WTP was significantly positively associated with the presence of under five years of children but their willingness to pay was significantly negatively associated with the female gender and increasing monthly salary. On the other hand, on the qualitative side, the amount of premium contribution, benefits package, and quality of service were the major factors affecting their WTP. Conclusion:The majority of healthcare professionals were willing to pay for the SHI scheme, almost as much as the premium set by the government. This suggests proof that healthcare financing reform is feasible, particularly for the implementation of the SHI system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance Among Health Care Professionals in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Girmaw

Adane

Kassaw

et al. 2023

CEOR

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“…The WTP for SHI was found to be influenced by sociodemographic factors like education level ( 20 – 22 , 25 , 31 , 32 ), income ( 17 , 19 – 21 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 34 ), age ( 26 , 28 , 31 ), marital status ( 28 , 33 ), occupation or job description ( 28 ), family size ( 29 , 30 , 34 ), and job experience ( 16 ); health and illness status such as self-rated healthiness ( 16 ), the presence of acute ( 20 , 21 , 31 ), and chronic illnesses ( 34 ); health service related factors like previous medical bills ( 16 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 35 ), referral system ( 26 ), regular medical checkup ( 26 ), and health service quality ( 16 , 19 , 24 – 27 ); awareness or knowledge ( 16 – 18 , 20 – 23 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 ); perception ( 24 , 31 ); attitude ( 17 , 21 , 27 , 33 , 34 ); and factors related to the scheme such as trust ( 17 , 23 ), premium amount ( 19 ), and the scope of the benefit packages ( …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bayked

Toleha

Chekole

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEthiopia plans to introduce social health insurance with the aim of giving recipients high-quality, long-term universal health care. It was anticipated to be fully operational in 2014. However, due to strong opposition from public employees, the implementation has been delayed multiple times. As a result, more and more studies have been conducted to collect evidence about the issue. However, there is no national pooled evidence regarding the willingness to pay for the scheme. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors in Ethiopia.MethodsOn September 1, 2022, database searches were conducted on Scopus, Hinari, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Based on this search, 19 studies were included in the review. The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using Joana Briggs Institute checklists. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel. RevMan-5 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The effect estimates assessed were the odds ratios at a p-value <0.05 with a 95% CI using the random effect model.ResultsThe pooled willingness to pay for social health insurance was 42.25% and was found to be affected by sociodemographic, health and illness status, health service related factors, awareness or knowledge level, perception or attitude toward the scheme, and factors related to the scheme. The pooled result showed that the willingness of participants to pay for the scheme was 16% less likely (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.52–1.36). When the outlier was unchecked, the willingness to pay became 42% less likely (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.91). The lowest willingness to pay for the scheme was in the Oromia region, while the highest was in Harar. Professionally, teachers were 3.22 times more likely to pay for the scheme (OR = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.80–5.76) than health professionals.ConclusionThe willingness to pay for social health insurance was low, <50%, particularly among health professionals, which urges the Ethiopian health insurance service to deeply look into the issue.

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“…Consumers with a household size greater than three were more likely to be willing to purchase health apps. One explanation is that families with a larger household size are more likely to have older people, children, and family members with chronic conditions and are thus more willing to invest in health management ( 65 ). For this reason, in addition to allowing personal health management, health apps should also allow users to manage the health needs of their family members, especially those who cannot independently perform health management ( 43 , 66 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A discrete choice experiment to examine the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to purchase health apps

Xie¹,

Liu²,

Or³

2023

mHealth

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Background The benefits of health apps can only be realized when consumers purchase them for use. Thus, it is important to understand what factors influence consumers’ willingness to purchase health apps. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of health app attributes and sociodemographic characteristics on consumers’ willingness to purchase health apps, and how the value of the health app attributes varies for individuals with different sociodemographic characteristics. Methods A questionnaire-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with a random sample of 561 adults. A standard logit regression was applied to assess the influence of health app attributes and sociodemographic characteristics on consumers’ willingness to purchase health apps, and marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) was calculated for each factor using regression coefficients. Interaction effects were also examined to determine how the value of health app attributes varies by sociodemographic characteristics. Results Usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy, and attitudes of healthcare professionals toward consumers’ use of health apps were the attributes of health apps that positively influenced consumers’ willingness to purchase them. Conversely, smartphone storage consumption, mobile Internet data consumption, and app price negatively influenced consumers’ willingness to purchase the apps. For sociodemographic characteristics, being male, having a household size greater than three, having a monthly household income of HK$30,000 or more, having a lower education level (below diploma), having previously used health apps, and having previously purchased health apps were associated with a higher willingness to purchase health apps. Conclusions Health app attributes that influenced consumers’ willingness to purchase the apps and populations that were less willing to purchase health apps were identified. Efforts should be made to improve health app attributes and enhance the promotion of health apps among these underserved populations.

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Willingness to pay for social health insurance and its associated factors among public servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance Among Health Care Professionals in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance Among Health Care Professionals in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

A discrete choice experiment to examine the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to purchase health apps

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