Willingness to pay for COVID‐19 test and vaccine in South Africa and Ghana: A contingent valuation study

Ayifah, Rebecca Nana Yaa; Ayifah, Emmanuel

doi:10.1111/saje.12311

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Two methods were used in parallel to mitigate the bias inherent in either method ( Frew et al, 2004 ). Price ranges for WTP were derived from the purchase price of category-2 vaccines (out-of-pocket payment and voluntary vaccination), 10% of national monthly income, and medical expense per capita in China from 2016 to 2020 ( Catma and Varol, 2021 ; Ayifah and Ayifah, 2022 ). A range of CNY 20–800 was deemed reasonable and was applied to both PS and IBG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a global public health crisis and has caused huge economic and health damage worldwide. Mass vaccination aiming for herd immunity has been adopted as a national strategy in many countries to protect the population from being infected or developing severe conditions ( Ayifah and Ayifah, 2022 ). Since December 2020, China has launched two rounds of vaccination programs and has been actively promoting the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose ( GotPsRo, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China

Zhou

Pan²,

Shi³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objective: The present study aims to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for and willingness to vaccinate (WTV) with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine booster dose in China when the pandemic is under adequate control and the majority of the population is vaccinated. This study is also to identify significant factors associated with the WTP.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on adults with no past or present COVID-19 infection. An online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on vaccination status, quarantine experience, and factors related to health beliefs on vaccination. The WTV was assessed through the vaccination preference. The WTP was examined by payment scale (PS) and iterative bidding game (IBG) administered in random order. Three IBG algorithms with different starting-price were presented randomly. The average WTP of PS and IBG were analyzed as primary outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Multivariate ordered logistic regression was performed to identify significant factors for the WTP.Results: The survey recruited 543 participants with a mean age of 32 years and 57.80% being female. The WTV rate was 86.74%, while 94.66% of participants completed full-schedule or enhanced vaccination. The mean WTP was CNY 149 (±CNY 197) and the median WTP was CNY 80. Regarding significant factors for the WTP, urban residents were 57% more likely (95% CI: 1.11-2.22) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than rural residents. Respondents who completed full-schedule vaccination were 46% more likely (95% CI: 1.03–2.07) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those who completed enhanced vaccination. Respondents with a low household income of CNY 40k or lower were 62% less likely (95% CI: 0.21–0.66) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those with a middle household income of CNY 110k–210k. Other significant factors associated with the WTP included the perceived benefit of vaccination and peer environmental pressure in the health belief model.Conclusion: The WTV with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose was high in China. The WTP was influenced by the place of residence, vaccination status, household income, perceived benefit of vaccination, and environmental peer pressure. Study findings can inform policymakers to better design vaccination programs and financial schemes involving out-of-pocket payments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China

Zhou

Pan²,

Shi³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Cerda and García [38] conducted a double-bounded dichotomous choice questionnaire survey among 531 participants to estimate the WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine in Chile. Ayifah and Ayifah [39] employed the CVM to assess WTP for COVID-19 testing and vaccine in Ghana and South Africa. The CVM advantages are that it values reduction in the probability of statistical death (or morbidity), captures consumer preferences, does not restrict categories of benefits considered, and allows valuation of noneconomic aspects of intervention [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Model For Estimating the Total Present Value Of Human Life L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

MUSANGO,

MANDROSOVOLOLONA,

Fidiniaina

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background As of 3 March 2023, Madagascar had conducted 525,461 COVID-19 tests, which revealed a total of 67,865 cases, comprising 66,433 recovered cases, ten active cases, and 1,422 deaths. To date, no study has attempted to estimate the total present value of human lives lost $\left({TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}\right)$, productivity losses, and potential total productivity losses (or indirect costs) averted through COVID-19 vaccination for use in advocacy. The study reported in this paper attempted to bridge those information gaps. Methods A human capital model (HCM) was used to estimate the ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$, i.e., sum of the discounted value of human life losses amongst persons in seven age groups $\left({PVHL}_{i}\right)$: 1 = under 5 years, 2 = 5 to 14 years, 3 = 15 to 24 years, 4 = 25 to 34 years, 5 = 35 to 44 years, 6 = 45 to 59 years, and 7 = 60 years and older. Each age group ${PVHL}_{i=1,\dots ,7}$ was obtained through the multiplication of discount factor, undiscounted year of life, non-health gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and age group’s number of COVID-19 deaths. To test the robustness of the results, the HCM was re-run five times, assuming (i) a 5% discount rate, (ii) a 10% discount rate, (iii) Africa’s highest average life expectancy at birth of 78.76 years (Algeria females), (iv) the world highest life expectancy of 88.17 years (Hong Kong females), and (v) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66. The projections of productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination were done assuming 100%, 70%, 52.4%, and 8.266% coverage. Results The 1,422 human lives lost due to COVID-19 had a ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ of Int$ 46,485,587.15; and a mean of Int$ 32,690.28 per human life. Re-run of the model with (i) discount rates of 5% and 10% reduced ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.26% and 53%, respectively; (ii) average life expectancies of 78.76 years and 88.17 years grew ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.72% and 39.49%, respectively; (iii) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66 augmented ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 703%. Vaccinating 70% of the target population could potentially save the country Int$ 965,088,931 (1.71% of GDP). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic has cost Madagascar substantive health and productivity losses. Potentially, the losses could be significantly reduced by optimizing COVID-19 vaccination coverage of the target population.

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Individuals' willingness to pay for HIV vaccines in Iran: Contingent valuation method

Parvizi,

Mehrara,

Taiebnia

2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsThis study aims to assess individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine in Iran, focusing on key determinants influencing vaccine acceptance. Utilizing the contingent valuation method (CVM), we aim to provide insights into the economic and socio‐cultural factors shaping WTP in Iran.MethodsWe conducted face‐to‐face surveys with 468 participants in Tehran province using purposive sampling. We analyzed demographic characteristics, perspectives on HIV/AIDS, and financial considerations alongside participants' WTP. Statistical analyses, including maximum likelihood estimation, identified factors influencing WTP. Mean WTP values were calculated to quantify the economic valuation of an HIV vaccine.ResultsHigher education and monthly income significantly correlated with increased WTP, while gender, age, marital status, and health insurance showed no substantial impact. The mean WTP was 12,590.83 to 12,599.63 thousand Rials in different models, both showing statistically significant WTP values.ConclusionHigher education and income levels are key determinants of WTP for an HIV vaccine in Iran. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to enhance vaccine accessibility and acceptance in Iran.

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Willingness to pay for COVID‐19 test and vaccine in South Africa and Ghana: A contingent valuation study

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China

Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

Individuals' willingness to pay for HIV vaccines in Iran: Contingent valuation method

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