Willingness of female smokers to tolerate postcessation weight gain

Pomerleau, Cynthia S.; Kurth, Candace L.

doi:10.1016/s0899-3289(96)90215-1

Cited by 71 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…26 Female smokers who score high on a scale of smoking as a weight control tool may be particularly susceptible to weight gain when staying abstinent. 27,28 Although female smokers seem to accept weight gain after quitting less than male smokers, 29 little is known about gender differences in the increase of BMI after smoking cessation from general population studies. 4 Altogether, evidence is conflicting, and there are different explanations of weight changes related to changes in smoking status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking status, cigarettes per day, and their relationship to overweight and obesity among former and current smokers in a national adult general population sample

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Weight gain after smoking cessation is perceived to be a barrier against quitting smoking. The goal was to analyze overweight and obesity depending on smoking status and number of cigarettes per day (cpd) among former and current smokers. METHODS: The sample included 7124 residents of Germany aged 18-79 y from a national health examination survey (participation rate: 61.4%). Body weight and height were objectively measured; smoking status and cpd were assessed by a questionnaire administered in a health examination center. RESULTS: The number of cpd was positively related to being overweight and more so to obesity among former smoking men, but not women. The results were adjusted for age, school education, exercise and alcohol consumption. Men who formerly had smoked more than 30 cpd had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 for obesity compared to men who had never smoked. CONCLUSION: With an increasing number of cpd more psychological and physiological processes of compensation of nicotine supply after smoking cessation may be expected. Male smokers should be provided with information on how to prevent weight gain after smoking cessation. To foster smoking cessation, female smokers should be informed that women who stop smoking manage to have no increase in the rates of overweight or obesity when considered at the general population level.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking status, cigarettes per day, and their relationship to overweight and obesity among former and current smokers in a national adult general population sample

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although these facts are commonly known and in spite of numerous public health campaigns directed at smoking cessation, a large percentage of people worldwide continue smoking. The failure to quit can largely be attributed to the addictive properties of nicotine, but an added disincentive is the realistic fear of weight gain after smoking cessation (4). It has been observed that the weight gain is particularly marked amongst people who have recently quit smoking (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of smoking cessation on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and appetite

Stadler

Tomann

Storka

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To stop smoking is commonly associated with significant weight gain, but the mechanisms for this are poorly understood. We assessed the effects of smoking cessation on body weight, insulin sensitivity, b-cell function, and appetite. Subjects and methods: Twenty-seven long-term smokers (nZ27; nine females/18 males, 28G1 years, 22.9G0.6 kg/m 2 )attending an ambulatory smoking cessation program in a community hospital in Vienna, Austria were examined at baseline (Visit A; still smoking) and after a minimum of 3 months of smoking abstinence (Visit B; nZ14); relapsed smokers were not followed up. Participants underwent 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests and body composition measurements at each study visit. Fasting (QUICKI) and dynamic (oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS)) insulin sensitivity and b-cell secretion (insulinogenic index 140 (IGI40)) were calculated. Food intake was quantified with a free choice buffet. Fasting plasma concentrations of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), peptide-YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), leptin, ghrelin, and visfatin were measured. Results: After O3 months' smoking abstinence, body weight, and fat mass were increased (C4 and C22% respectively, P!0.05) and fasting insulin sensitivity deteriorated (QUICKI: post, 0.37G0.02 vs baseline, 0.41G0.2; P!0.05), while OGIS remained unchanged throughout. IGI40 increased by 31% after O3 months' smoking abstinence (P!0.01). Carbohydrate ingestion increased after stopping smoking (P!0.05). NPY fasting levels were increased after O3 months (P!0.05), PYY, GLP1, leptin, ghrelin, and visfatin were unchanged. Conclusion: Smoking cessation is associated with transient metabolic changes including increased b-cell secretion in response to glucose and fasting insulin resistance. These alterations may be associated with or contribute to the body weight gain after smoking cessation.

show abstract

“…These include gender differences in nicotine metabolism [24], that women are influenced less by nicotine and more by non-nicotine factors [25], and that there is a gender difference in fear of or reactions to post-cessation weight gain [26], or post-cessation depression [27]. The present data cannot exclude such explanations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcomes in Men and Women in Taiwan: Implications for Interpreting Gender Differences in Smoking Cessation

Hsueh¹,

Hsueh²,

Chou³

et al. 2013

TOADDJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several clinical trials of both behavioural and pharmacological treatments across Europe and the US have reported lower smoking cessation rates in women than in men, while population data and data from smokers attending routine stop-smoking services show little or no gender differences in outcome. Data from countries with a large gender difference in smoking prevalence can clarify whether self-selection could be responsible for this discrepancy. We analyzed data from a smoking cessation clinic in Taiwan, where 47% of men and 4% of women smoke. 1,090 smokers (963 men and 127 women) seeking help at a Taiwanese smokers' clinic between 2002 and 2007 received nicotine patches and up to 8 support sessions. Several baseline variables were collected together with self-reported smoking status at 3 and 6 months. Sustained abstinence rates (abstinent at both 3 months and 6 months) were significantly lower in women than in men (18.0% vs 30.3%, p=0.04), as were point-prevalence abstinence rates at both 3 (28.3% vs 38.5%, p=0.026) and 6 months (22.0% vs 35.0%, p=0.004). In a multiple regression including all baseline variables, only gender and cigarettes per day were significant predictors of sustained abstinence. In conclusion, among a cohort of treatment-seekers in Taiwan, there was a significant gender difference in smoking cessation outcomes. Given that such an effect is small or non-existent in countries where the prevalence of smoking across genders is similar, this suggests that sporadic gender differences could be an artifact of self-selection.

show abstract

Willingness of female smokers to tolerate postcessation weight gain

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

Smoking status, cigarettes per day, and their relationship to overweight and obesity among former and current smokers in a national adult general population sample

Smoking status, cigarettes per day, and their relationship to overweight and obesity among former and current smokers in a national adult general population sample

Effects of smoking cessation on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and appetite

Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcomes in Men and Women in Taiwan: Implications for Interpreting Gender Differences in Smoking Cessation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About