“…Emerson devoted his life to evolve a multi-faceted view of himself and to expose the social injustices of 19th century American culture, castigate professionalism in the American academe, and expose philosophy's preoccupation with epistemology (West, 1989;Thayer, 1981). At their core, his ideas concerned notions that relate to pragmatism's action-oriented and holistic nature: 1) activity, flux, movement, and energy in the inseparability between the individual and natural world; and 2) an insatiable confidence in the power of human individualism and human action (Westbrook, 1992;West, 1989;Koopman, 2006;Levin, 1999;Pollock, 1958;Carpenter, 1939). Emerson and eventually Peirce, James, and Dewey engaged in developing pragmatism to contrast European-centric philosophy, which they felt did not adequately represent the American experience.…”