William H. Seward and the Annexation of British Columbia, 1865-1869

Shi, David E.

doi:10.18130/v3792b

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Cerebral ischemia causes dynamic and heterogeneous alterations of oxygen and glucose supplies and cellular metabolism [6,25]. Decreased level of glucose in ischemia is believed to play an important role in ischemic injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of glucose concentration on redox status in rat primary cortical neurons under hypoxia

Shi

Liu

2006

Neuroscience Letters

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Reduced supply of glucose involves in many pathological conditions such as stroke and contributes to ischemic injuries. In contrast, hyperglycemia has also been regarded as an important factor in causing and exaggerating stroke damage. Although the molecular mechanism(s) of imbalanced glucose-induced cellular injuries under low oxygen conditions are not clear, oxidative stress has been implicated in both hypo-and hypeglycemic damage. Redox status is critical for the regulation of cellular signaling and cell survival. The effects of glucose levels on redox status are not well understood in neurons under hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of glucose concentration on the redox status of rat primary neurons under hypoxia. The cellular redox status was determined from GSH/GSSG ratios, and oxidation of 2,3-dichlorofluorscein diacetate was used to assess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that glucose levels were critical in regulating redox state in these neurons under hypoxia. The results showed that under hypoxic conditions: 1) there was an optimal glucose concentration (25mM) at which neurons maintained a reducing environment and showed the lowest levels of ROS and cell death; 2) in the concentration range of 0-25 mM, the presence of glucose increased cellular GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced ROS and cell death; and 3) over-supply of glucose (25-100 mM) elevated ROS levels, produced an oxidizing oxidizing environment, and increased cell death. These results suggest that cellular redox status regulated by glucose may play an important role in glucose-mediated cellular responses in hypoxia.Keywords high glucose; glucose deprivation; redox status; neuron; stroke Glucose is essential for neuronal function and metabolism. Interestingly, both glucose deprivation and exposure to elevated glucose levels have been shown to be toxic to cells. For example, simply removing glucose from cell culture media can induce cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells [13] and cultured rat cortical neurons [26]. However, incubating with elevated glucose levels (45-100 mM) can also induce neuronal death [18,20]. Besides glucose, oxygen is critical to the brain. Although the brain is only 2% of the body's weight, it uses 20% of the oxygen supply and accounts for approximately 20% of aerobic metabolism. There are pathological conditions that involve both abnormal oxygen and glucose levels resulting from *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Honglian Shi, Ph.D., College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA, Email: hshi@salud.unm.edu, Phone: 1-505-272-2380; Fax: 1-505-272-8306. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note tha...

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confidence: 99%

Effects of glucose concentration on redox status in rat primary cortical neurons under hypoxia

Shi

Liu

2006

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Le mécanisme d'action de ces récepteurs couplés à une protéine Gq implique probablement la libé ration du Ca2+ des réserves intracellulaires (mitochon dries) par la voie de l'IP3 qui, en retour, activerait une conductance potassique sensible au Ca2+. Dans les myo cytes auriculaires de Chien, les récepteurs M3 sont cou plés à un canal potassique inhibé par la 4-AP (78). Dans le coeur de Cobaye, la choline stimule les récepteurs M3 et active un courant potassique (79).…”

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Modulation muscarinique de l’activité cardiaque

Sauviat

1999

J. Soc. Biol.

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“…IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1158/5/052009 2 Corn is the third largest cereal crop in the world and in Iraq as the local production in 2021 reached about 374400 ton [3] and this crop represented an essential component in poultry diets as the percentage of its use reaches 75% [4], in addition, it is the most polluted grain with mycotoxins [5][6][7] particularly Aspergillus species as it can be found in crops and plants before harvest and in stores. Several studies have proven that the fermentation process reduces mycotoxins in feed [8] as well as improves the nutritional value of fermented feed materials [9][10][11] and increases the digestibility of various nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, amino acids and calcium [12]. A number of microorganisms were used in the fermentation process including bacteria, fungi and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is an important food source that contains large amount of proteins and minerals including zinc, iron and chromium [13] and also used in the fermentation of many food industries as it distinguished by its rapid growth, low cost, the ability to grow in low pH and the absence of undesirable intermediate products [14] in addition to its ability to inhibit many types of bacteria [15,16] and also used to produce some enzymes [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Efficiency of Fermented Local Corn on Some Physiological and Immunological Characteristics of Broiler

Hamza

Hammod

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The study was carried out in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa to examine the efficiency of fermented local corn on some physiological and immunological characteristics of broiler. 300 of one day old broiler (Ross 308), unsex with initial weight of 39g were used. Chicks were raised for 35 days in closed house divided into pens with 3m2 for each and distributed randomly on 5 treatments with three replicates for each treatment (60 chicks for each treatment and 20 for each replicate). Treatments were prepared as follows: T1 (imported corn), T2 (unfermented local corn), T3 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 50%), T4 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 75%) and T5 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 100%). Results showed that fermenting local corn by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1g/kg corn for 24h) was improved the nutritional value of corn particularly crude protein and fat as well as decreasing B1 aflatoxin to very low level. There were non significant differences between Haematological blood characteristics (hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell and white blood cell), biochemical characteristics (total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and glucose) and immunological characteristics (antibody titers against Newcastle disease, antibody titers against avian infectious bronchitis, the relative weight of fabricius gland and the index of fabricius gland) in all Experimental treatments.

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William H. Seward and the Annexation of British Columbia, 1865-1869

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of glucose concentration on redox status in rat primary cortical neurons under hypoxia

Effects of glucose concentration on redox status in rat primary cortical neurons under hypoxia

Modulation muscarinique de l’activité cardiaque

Studying the Efficiency of Fermented Local Corn on Some Physiological and Immunological Characteristics of Broiler

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