In 1879, shortly after the publication of the first edition of his well-known and provocative book, L'uomo delinquente [published in English as Criminal Man (1911)], 1 Cesare Lombroso, in his "minor" work entitled Sull'incremento del delitto in Italia e dei mezzi per arrestarlo [ On the Increase of Crime in Italy and the Means to Stop it] warned readers that: "the tide of crime is increasingly rising, and threatens to submerge civilisation, if no one thinks about building a dam to stop it". 2 The battle against crime seemed to Lombroso's eyes unfair if fought without the necessary tools, like a defenceless man in the face of a natural disaster. Lombroso's opinion was, however, not an isolated one: after the unification of Italy in 1861, there had followed a period of emergency stemming from gradual but inexorable migration from the countryside to the cities, which became increasingly crowded with social outcasts that would populate the ranks of what would become known as the "dangerous classes". 3 This term came to refer to the great multitude of robbers, prostitutes, "subversives" and other common inhabitants of inner-city areas that, thanks to a certain literary imagery, became places of perdition and immorality. 4