Will There Be New Communication Needs When Introducing Automated Vehicles to the Urban Context?

Lundgren, Victor Malmsten; Habibovic, Azra; Andersson, Jonas; Lagström, Tobias; Nilsson, Mikael; Sirkka, Anna; Fagerlönn, Johan; Fredriksson, Rikard; Edgren, Claes; Krupenia, Stas; Saluäär, Dennis

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_41

Cited by 96 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, Nuñez Velasco, Rodriguez, Farah, and Hagenzieker (2016) found that VRUs perceived higher levels of safety during AV interactions in shared spaces compared to manual vehicle interactions. In sum, inconsistent results exist across previous studies regarding VRUs' feeling of safety in terms of making eye contact with the driver in AVs (Fuest et al, 2018;Lundgren et al, 2017). Furthermore, the drivers' distraction or absence has shown to influence VRUs' behavioral aspects.…”

Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Drivers' distraction or absence could be shown to influence participants' evaluation of the interaction with the vehicle. Participants felt safer when they made eye contact with the driver, whereas feeling of safety decreased when the driver was inattentive (Lundgren et al, 2017). Moreover, VRUs' uncertainty about the vehicle's behavior increased when the driver was absent (Deb, Hudson, Carruth, & Frey, 2018).…”

Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important issue in automated driving is the effect of a distracted or absent driver, which might be the case for AV scenarios, on different aspects of vehicle to pedestrian communication (e.g., Lundgren et al, 2017;Rodríguez Palmeiro et al, 2018;Rothenbücher, Li, Sirkin, Mok, & Ju, 2016). Previous studies underlined the importance of informal communication between VRUs and drivers (e.g., eye contact in manual driving scenarios; see Šucha et al, 2017).…”

Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Hensch¹,

Neumann²,

Beggiato³

et al. 2020

ToTS

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Communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is highly relevant in coordinating traffic maneuvers and therefore ensuring road safety. Especially in shared spaces such as parking areas, communication is highly important. As automated driving changes the driver's role, communication between different traffic participants will also change. External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may enhance safety and effective communication between VRUs and AVs by providing relevant information to other traffic participants if informal communication is insufficient. Hence, a variety of information (e.g., about AVs' driving mode or future maneuvers) is recommended to be communicated to VRUs. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different light signals, presented by a light bar placed on the test vehicle's roof, as a form of an eHMI: automation mode, starting mode and crossing mode. Moreover, two different driving conditions (i.e., a manual and a simulated automated driving condition) were implemented to investigate the effects between these conditions. Either the driver was visible in the manual condition or the vehicle appeared driverless as a seat suit covered the driver in the simulated automated condition (Wizard-of-Oz design). A total of N = 173 random pedestrians passing by were interviewed and behavioral data were collected from over 1500 pedestrians. Results indicate that participants felt significantly safer during the interaction with the vehicle when a driver was visible. Although VRUs evaluated the general approach of applying light signals as eHMIs for AVs as useful, they assessed the presented light signals as only partially trustworthy and rather unintuitive. Moreover, many participants were unsure of whether the light signals were directed towards them, thus the directedness of light signals should be considered when implementing a light-based eHMI in AVs. Further, moving light signals attracted more attention (i.e., increased pedestrians' head movements towards the vehicle) than a steady or no light signal did. Interestingly, no difference existed between the investigated steady light signal and the baseline condition (i.e., no light signal) regarding head movements towards the vehicle. The results underline the importance of implementing an appropriate eHMI design in AVs.

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Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Prospective Transformation Of Communication In Automatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Hensch¹,

Neumann²,

Beggiato³

et al. 2020

ToTS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Text-based messages were noticed as a better option compared to other light signals and symbols [4]. Lundgren et al [12] argued that eye-contact should be replaced in one way or another to ensure safe interaction with HAVs. Especially in shared space areas, conflicting interactions between HAVs and pedestrians are likely without understandable communication [2].…”

Section: Interaction Between Highly Automated Vehicles and Pedestriansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Safety or Traffic Flow? Qualitative Study on Highly Automated Vehicles’ Potential to Prevent Pedestrian Crashes with Two Different Ambitions

Utriainen

Pöllänen

2020

Sustainability

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Interaction between drivers and pedestrians enables pedestrians to cross the street without conflicts. When highly automated vehicles (HAVs) become prevalent, interaction will change. Although HAVs manage to identify pedestrians, they may not be able to assess pedestrians' intentions. This study discusses two different ambitions: Prioritizing pedestrian safety and prioritizing efficient traffic flow; and how these two affect the possibilities to avoid fatal crashes between pedestrians and passenger cars. HAVs' hypothetical possibilities to avoid different crash scenarios are evaluated based on 40 in-depth investigated fatal pedestrian crashes, which occurred with manually-driven cars in Finland in 2014-2016. When HAVs prioritize pedestrian safety, they decrease speed near pedestrians as a precaution which affects traffic flow due to frequent decelerations. When HAVs prioritize efficient traffic flow, they only decelerate, when pedestrians are in a collision course. The study shows that neither of these approaches can be applied in all traffic environments, and all of the studied crashes would not likely be avoidable with HAVs even when prioritizing pedestrian safety. The high expectations of HAVs' safety benefits may not be realized, and in addition to safety and traffic flow, there are many other objectives in traffic which need to be considered.

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“…stopping) or what the pedestrian should be doing (i.e. cross now) [5]. One of the biggest limitations to the use of LED messages is related to scalability.…”

Section: Pedestrian-av Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of pedestrian-automated vehicle interactions

Robert

2019

XRDS

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Will There Be New Communication Needs When Introducing Automated Vehicles to the Urban Context?

Cited by 96 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study

Prioritizing Safety or Traffic Flow? Qualitative Study on Highly Automated Vehicles’ Potential to Prevent Pedestrian Crashes with Two Different Ambitions

The future of pedestrian-automated vehicle interactions

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