Will the Real Black, Afro-American, Mixed, Colored, Negro Please Stand Up?

The Effects of Ethnicity and Income on the Reported Importance of Selected Retail Store Evaluative Criteria

“…Lastly, respondents are classified by ethnic identification, salience, and income level (Jewell 1985). Grouping at this level allows a further investigation into the source of any differences which may be discovered, and provides an opportunity to confirm, by comparison, results presented previously by other authors (i.e., Williams and Qualls 1989).…”

“…The origins of such a subculture are presumed to be African, however, a number of studies report conflicting 23 results of attempts to verify the continuation of these ancient traditions (Hutchison 1988). Further, it has been suggested that as increasing numbers of Black Americans join the ranks of the middle class, ethnic differences become less distinct (Jewell 1985, Alba and Cham lin 1983, Williams and Qualls 1989. Such results suggest that it may be socio-economic, not ethnic factors which arc most influential in the patronage behavior.…”

Behavioral descriptions pretested for racial stereotypicality and valence: Data from an American and a Portuguese sample

“…The agreement of 75% of positive stereotypical behaviors of black between the American and Portuguese samples suggest a much higher consensus regarding the positive features related to the Black stereotype. However, it remains unknown whether this positive agreement is due to a higher awareness or familiarity of Blacks involved in politics, entertainment, and sports (Jewell, 1985) which in turn may influence positive black stereotypes. Or whether, we found support for Fiske's (2017) warmth-competence space when she refers that black people tend to be moderately evaluated in this space, both by the Americans and Portugueses.…”

Thinking Outside the Master's House: New Knowledge Movements and the Emergence of Academic Disciplines

“…[T]here are ways of attempting to transform structure through agency other than visible clashes in the street" (Mirza and Reay 2000 525). For instance, the Black social movements of the 1950s and 1960s pushed for a variety of social, political, legal, and economic changes, of which Black studies and intellectual Afrocentrism were only one part (Jewell 1985). And "ideology, particularly for a radical movement, is its dynamic core, the reason for its existence, the embodiment of its values, its analysis of society, and its prescriptions for change" (Bouchier 1977 25).…”