Will the Interactions of Some Platinum (II)-Based Drugs with B-Vitamins Reduce Their Therapeutic Effect in Cancer Patients? Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Agents such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin—A Review

Abstract

Pt (II) derivatives show anti-cancer activity by interacting with nucleobases of DNA, thus causing some spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions. As a result, mono- and diaqua products are formed which further undergo complexation with guanine or adenine. Consequently, many processes are triggered, which lead to the death of the cancer cell. The theoretical and experimental studies confirm that such types of interactions can also occur with other chemical compounds. The vitamins from B group have a similar structure to the nucleobases of DNA and have aromatic rings with single-pair orbitals. Theoretical and experimental studies were performed to describe the interactions of B vitamins with Pt (II) derivatives such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The obtained results were compared with the values for guanine. Two levels of simulations were implemented at the theoretical level, namely, B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) with LANL2DZ bases set for platinum atoms and MN15/def2-TZVP. The polarizable continuum model (IEF–PCM preparation) and water as a solvent were used. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to describe the drug–nucleobase and drug–B vitamin interactions. Values of the free energy (ΔGr) show spontaneous reactions with mono- and diaqua derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin; however, interactions with diaqua derivatives are more preferable. The strength of these interactions was also compared. Carboplatin products have the weakest interaction with the studied structures. The presence of non-covalent interactions was demonstrated in the tested complexes. A good agreement between theory and experiment was also demonstrated.

The effective combination therapies with irinotecan for colorectal cancer

“…The main target of oxaliplatin is DNA. When oxaliplatin enters the cell, the platinum atoms can combine with the DNA of the tumor cell to form a Pt-DNA adduct, which affects the transcription and replication functions of DNA and ultimately leads to the death of the tumor cell ( Szefler and Czeleń, 2023 ) ( Figure 5 ). The oxaliplatin antitumor process can be divided into four phases, including cellular uptake of the drug, hydration or activation of the drug, DNA platinization, and intracellular processing.…”

Combined Role of Interleukin-15 Stimulated Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Carboplatin in Osimertinib-Resistant H1975 Lung Cancer Cells with EGFR Mutations

“…Carboplatin (CBP) (1,1-cyclobutyldicarboxylate) is a platinum-based anticancer agent that is frequently used and preferred over other platinum-based drugs because of its improved absorption and fewer adverse effects. It is specifically used to treat small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancers, and cancers of the testicles and ovaries [ 21 ]. Targeting the DNA directly, CBP conjugation is efficient in order to prevent transcription and replication, ultimately leading to cell death.…”

Enhancing Cisplatin Efficacy with Low Toxicity in Solid Breast Cancer Cells Using pH-Charge-Reversal Sericin-Based Nanocarriers: Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Assessment

“…Carboplatin, less toxic but requiring higher doses, is used for ovarian, testicular, and small cell lung cancers. Oxaliplatin shows efficacy similar to cisplatin, particularly in esophageal and gastric cancers, and is used against colorectal and various other tumors, including those resistant to cisplatin and carboplatin . Cisplatin, as a cytotoxic drug, targets and eliminates cancer cells by causing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and inducing apoptosis .…”

“…Oxaliplatin shows efficacy similar to cisplatin, particularly in esophageal and gastric cancers, and is used against colorectal and various other tumors, including those resistant to cisplatin and carboplatin. 9 Cisplatin, as a cytotoxic drug, targets and eliminates cancer cells by causing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and inducing apoptosis. 10 The mechanism of action of cisplatin and classical platinum agents involves four primary stages: (1) cellular uptake, (2) aquation/activation, and (3) DNA platination and cellular processing of Pt-DNA lesions, resulting in (4) either cell survival or apoptosis.…”