Will testing for apolipoprotein E assist in tailoring dementia risk reduction? A review

Low, Lee‐Fay; Yap, Melvyn; Brodaty, Henry

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.007

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Recently, it has been suggested that, in addition to these direct associations, APOE ε4 might also influence cognition indirectly by modifying the effect of non-genetic risk factors, such as health behaviors, on cognitive ageing [5,6]. Indeed, adverse health behaviors are risk factors for impaired cognition and dementia [5,7]; however, a recent review concluded that more research is needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis of a differential effect of health behaviors among APOE ε4 carriers [7]. Thus, the objective of the present study is to examine whether APOE ε4 allele modifies the association of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and dietary behavior with cognitive function in late midlife.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the association between health behaviors and cognitive function in late midlife

Sabia

Kivimäki

Kumari

et al. 2010

Molecular Neurodegeneration

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The extent to which the effect of risk factors on cognitive ageing is dependent on APOE ε4 remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine whether APOE ε4 allele modifies the association between health behaviors and cognition in late midlife. Data are drawn from 5447 participants of the Whitehall II study, health behaviors were assessed in 1997-1999 (mean age = 55.6, Standard Deviation (SD) = 6.0) and APOE genotype and cognitive function in 2002-2004 (mean age = 60.9, SD = 5.9). Among APOE ε4 non-carriers, current smokers had lower scores on memory (difference in T-score = -2.49, 95%CI: -3.37, -1.60), reasoning (-2.88, 95%CI: -3.74, -2.01), phonemic (-2.66, 95%CI: -3.56, -1.76) and semantic (-2.38, 95%CI: -3.28, -1.47) fluency compared to never smokers. In APOE ε4 carriers, difference between current and never smokers was seen only for reasoning (-1.92, 95%CI: -3.31, -0.51). Interaction terms supported differential effects of smoking as a function of APOE ε4 status for memory (p = 0.01), and phonemic (p = 0.008) and semantic fluency (p = 0.02). Cognitive scores were lower among non-drinkers compared to moderate drinkers, among the sedentary participants and those who ate fruits and vegetable less than 2 times per day irrespective of APOE ε4 status. This study suggests that the APOE ε4 allele modifies the association of smoking but not that of other health behaviors - alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption - with cognitive function in late midlife.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the association between health behaviors and cognitive function in late midlife

Sabia

Kivimäki

Kumari

et al. 2010

Molecular Neurodegeneration

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“…While one ApoE e 4 allele alone produces a ∼ 5-fold increase in risk of AD (Rubinsztein & Easton, 1999), the presence of head injury increases the risk to 10-fold in its presence (Mayeux et al, 1995). Other similar studies of interaction of risk factors have been reported (Hunter et al, 2005;Low et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The contribution of twins to the study of cognitive ageing and dementia: The Older Australian Twins Study

Sachdev

Lee

Wang

et al. 2013

International Review of Psychiatry

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The Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) is a major longitudinal study of twins, aged ≥ 65 years, to investigate genetic and environmental factors and their interactions in healthy brain ageing and neurocognitive disorders. The study collects psychiatric, neuropsychological, cardiovascular, metabolic, biochemical, neuroimaging, genomic and proteomic data, with two-yearly assessments, and is currently in its third wave. The initial cohort comprises 623 individuals (161 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic twin pairs; 1 MZ triplets; 27 single twins and 23 non-twin siblings), of whom 426 have had wave 2 assessment. A number of salient findings have emerged thus far which assist in the understanding of genetic contributions to cognitive functions such as processing speed, executive ability and episodic memory, and which support the brain reserve hypothesis. The heritability of brain structures, both cortical and subcortical, brain spectroscopic metabolites and markers of small vessel disease, such as lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensities, have been examined and can inform future genetic investigations. Work on amyloid imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging is proceeding and epigenetic studies are progressing. This internationally important study has the potential to inform research into cognitive ageing in the future, and offers an excellent resource for collaborative work.

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“…The association of CVD and vascular dementia is an area of research since long . Certain lifestyle risk factors such as smoking have a profounding effect on CVD and are suspected to have a role in AD as well . Hypertension is another proven risk factor for CVD and is reported to accelerate the tau‐related pathology in neurodegenerative disorders .…”

Section: Linkage Between Ndds and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synopsis on the Linkage of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease with Chronic Diseases

et al. 2014

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Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, which ultimately leads to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Even after the recent significant advances in neurobiology, the above-mentioned disorders continue to haunt the global population. Several studies have suggested the role of specific environmental and genetic risk factors associated with these disorders. However, the exact mechanism associated with the progression of these disorders still needs to be elucidated. In the recent years, sophisticated research has revealed interesting association of prominent neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and PD with chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Several common molecular mechanisms such as generation of free radicals, oxidative DNA damage, aberrations in mitochondrial DNA, and dysregulation of apoptosis have been highlighted as possible points of connection. The present review summarizes the possible mechanism of coexistence of AD and PD with other chronic diseases.

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Will testing for apolipoprotein E assist in tailoring dementia risk reduction? A review

Cited by 19 publications

References 142 publications

Effect of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the association between health behaviors and cognitive function in late midlife

Effect of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the association between health behaviors and cognitive function in late midlife

The contribution of twins to the study of cognitive ageing and dementia: The Older Australian Twins Study

Synopsis on the Linkage of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease with Chronic Diseases

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